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ABSTRACT

Phytotoxicity of 2-Amino-5-Hydroxyhexanoic Acid. G. Leather, R. Hanshaw, T. West, and T. Palmatory West Virginia University. ABSTRACT. INTRODUCTION.

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ABSTRACT

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  1. Phytotoxicity of 2-Amino-5-Hydroxyhexanoic Acid G. Leather, R. Hanshaw, T. West, and T. PalmatoryWest Virginia University ABSTRACT • INTRODUCTION A non-protein amino acid, 2-amino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid (5-HNL), extracted from Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp, var. Tropic Sun) seeds inhibits the growth of many agronomical important weeds at low dosage levels. This compound is unique among allelochemicals in that when topically applied to weeds that reproduce by root buds, the treated plants symptomatically lose chlorophyll (bleach) and plantlets from the root buds are also devoid of chlorophyll, indicating translocation of the compound (source to sink). When compared to the organic herbicide, Amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole), a carotenoid synthesis inhibitor, in a Lemna obscura bioassay, 50μM of the 5-HNL inhibited growth of Lemna to the same extent as 100μM of Amitrole. Lemna minor was more sensitive to the 5-HNL in bioassay with a 90% inhibition of growth at 12μM. The in vitro deamination of poly-L-lysine by nitrite at low pH, produces 5-HNL and the 6-hydroxy (6-HNL) isomer along with the isomer chlorosubstitution products (5-CNL & 6-CNL). We are currently assessing if the in vitro produced 5-HNL has the same level of phytotoxicity as the in vivo produced 5-HNL and if any of the other products of poly-L-lysine deamination are phytotoxic. The isolation of a non-protein amino acid (5-hydroxy norleucene) from the seeds of sunn hemp was first reported by Pant and Fales in 1974 (1). Wilson & Bell (2) found that 5-HNL was phytotoxic to lettuce in bioassays. Leather et al. (3) demonstrated the allelopathic nature of sunn hemp on Euphorbia esula and found that an extract of the sunn hemp seeds inhibited the growth of Lemna sp. in bioassay. Other allelopathic effects were reported by Cole (4). Recently, Adler and Chase (5) compared the allelopathic potential of sunn hemp to other leguminous cover crops. The results reported here suggest that with additional research, 5-HNL may be useful in agriculture weed control. Lemna minor bioassay used to determine the phytotoxicity of 5-HNL Leafy spurge Untreated plant One droplet containing 5-HNL placed on the terminal bud stopped growth of plant and affected the plants emerging from root buds. Extracts of Crotalaria juncea seeds inhibited the growth of Sinapis arvensis seedlings (4). Sunn hemp seeds contain a potent allelochemical - 2-amino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid (5-HNL) Extracts of Crotalaria juncea inhibited the growth of Euphorbia esula seedlings (3,4). Differential inhibition of L. minor and L. obscura by 5-HNL One droplet containing 5-HNL placed on the terminal bud stopped growth and affected the plants emerging from root buds CANADA THISTLE INFLUENCE OF AMITROLE (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) AND 5-HNL ON LEMNA OBSCURA Untreated plant • LITERATURE CITED 1. Pant, R. & H.M. Fales. 1974. Phytochem. 13:1626 – 1627. 2. Wilson, M.F. & E.A. Bell. 1979. Phytochem. 18:1883-1884. 3. Leather, G.R., Yang, S.M., & W.M. Dowler. 1989. Proceed. Leafy Spurge Sym. PP. 46-50. 4. Cole, S.D. 1991. Thesis, U. South Dakota. 74 pgs. 5. Adler, M.J. & C.A. Chase. 2007. HortSci. 42:289-293.

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