Alternative Visions for Computer Science Technology in Service of Society

1. Alternative Visions for Computer ScienceTechnology in Service of Society Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University CCSV-2020 Talk October 13, 2009

2. CCSV2020 Vision I: Jim Gray’s Vision 1. Scalability: Devise a software and hardware architecture that scales up by a factor for 10^6. 2. The Turing Test: Build a computer system that wins the imitation game at least 30% of the time. 3. Speech to text: Hear as well as a native speaker. 4. Text to speech: Speak as well as a native speaker. 5. See as well as a person: recognize objects and behavior. 6. Personal Memex: Record everything a person sees and hears, and quickly retrieve any item on request. 7. World Memex: Build a system that given a text corpus, can answer questions about the text and summarize the text as precisely and quickly as a human expert. Do the same for music, images, art, and cinema.

3. CCSV2020 Vision II: Jim Gray’s Vision (Cont) 8. TelePresence: Simulate being some other place retrospectively as an observer (TeleOberserver): hear and see as well as actually being there, and As well as a participant, and simulate being some other place as a participant (TelePresent): interacting with others and with the environment as though you are actually there. 9. Trouble-Free Systems: Build a system used by millions of people each day and yet administered and managed by a single part-time person. 10. Secure System: Assure that the system of problem 9 only services authorized users, service cannot be denied by unauthorized users, and information cannot be stolen (and prove it.) 11. Always-Up: Assure that the system is unavailable for less than one second per hundred years -- 8 9's of availability (and prove it.) 12. Automatic Programmer: Devise a specification language or user interface that: a. makes it easy for people to express designs (1,000x easier), b. computers can compile, and c. can describe all applications (is complete). d. system should reason about application, asking questions about exception cases and incomplete specification. But it should not be onerous to use.

4. CCSV2020 Vision II: Societal Need Driven ResearchGoal Driven Basic Research: Pasteur’s Quadrant (Stokes, 1997) Curiosity Driven Goal Driven Fundamental Bohr's Quadrant Pasteur's QuadrantAtomic Theory Germ Theory of Disease Tactical Pre-Darwin's Quadrant Edison's Quadrant Study of Flora and FaunaElectricity

5. Examples of Societal Need Driven CS Research • Helping Aging population • Disaster Rescue • Accident-Avoiding Cruise Control • Access to Information and Digital Libraries • Access to Education • Literacy • Urban/Rural Divide • Access to Healthcare • Access to Health Information • Emergency Healthcare

6. Helping Aging populationEncouraging Social Activity view video-clip

7. Robotics and Disaster RescueWatch Video-clip • Disaster sites are often dangerous for human exploration • Victims must be retrieved within 48 hours • Technology Needs • Information Collection from Above • Robotic Helicopter • Infoballoon • Information Collection on the Rubble • Information Collection in the Rubble • Snake Robot  • Wide-Area Information Collection • Drop-in Cell-phone Tower • Database for Rescue Management

8. Accident-Avoiding CarWatch Video-Clip

9. Sanskrit book on Rig-Veda Video-Clip of DL Concepts

10. Learning to Read: Reading Tutor Watch Videoclip

11. A University for Gifted Youth from Low Income Families TALENT is spread across populations, but OPPORTUNITY is not

12. Emergency Management Research Institute Innovative Use of ICT in Healthcare View Video 3 Hour Neonate (Baby Girl) Buried Cyclist– Fell on road divider rod Firing - Between Army Commanders and Naxalites • Technologies in Use • Call Centers: Voice Loggers • GIS / Maps • GPS / AVLT • Mobile Communication • Application software for Sense, Reach and Care • ePCR (Electronic Patient Case Record) Form Robbery – Thief requested wife to dial 108 after 10 minutes to take the injured husband to hospital Extraordinary Performance from Ordinary People

13. CCSV2020 Vision III: Follow the MoneyHuman Resource Development for Future Generation Technologies • Computer Engineering • Semiconductor Industry • Processor and Memory Technologies • Systems: PCs, Laptops, Mainframes, Super Computers • Computer Science • Computational Thinking: Understanding Computation • Computational Complexity • Creating Usable Computation • Algorithm Design • System Architectures • Software Engineering • Human Computer Interaction • AI: Search, Learning, Robotics, Language Technologies • Application Domains where ICT is central • Education • Healthcare • Entertainment • Energy • Transportation • Computational X: Science, Engineering, Political Sc., Environment

14. Missing Science in Systems • SILKy systems • Speech, Image, Language and Knowledge based systems • Forgiving Systems • Tolerate error and ambiguity in interactions • Self Improving Systems • Incremental non-intrusive knowledge acquisition • Learn from examples and observations • Self- Aware Systems: Intelligent Help, Advice and Tutoring • Learn from examples and observations • Intelligent Agents • Mail: Junk Mail Problem • Communications: Telephone Dialog Understanding • Secretarial: Scheduling • Budget Management

15. Missing Science in Algorithms • Goal Driven Algorithms • Approximate Algorithms • Discovery and Inference from Massive Data • Data Intensive Computing • Incremental Learning • Learn from examples and observations in sparse data environments • Resource Limited Algorithms • Communications Limited • On-chip and off-chip • Memory Limited • Processing Limited

16. Missing Science in Infrastructure • Connectivity • Access to free Internet for basic services? • Computer Access • Accessibility: Less than 5 minute walk? • Affordability: Costing less than a cup of coffee per day? • Digital Literacy • Language Divide • Literacy Divide • Improving Access to • information and knowledge • education and learning • health care • job skills • entertainment

17. CCSV 2020: What Next in CS Research? • Concept Driven Research • Follow the footsteps of Babbage, Turing, and Vannevar Bush • Societal Need Driven Research • Follow Pasteur • Future Employment Driven Research • Follow the Money • The golden rule: He who has the gold makes the rules