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Early Middle Ages - Europe

Early Middle Ages - Europe. Outline – Write each heading then skip a line or 2 for the next one. Vikings William the Conqueror European Feudalism Lords/Vassals Knights Serfs Manors Feudal Pyramid. Middle Ages Germanic Invasions Rise of the Church The Pope Charles Martel Charlemagne

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Early Middle Ages - Europe

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  1. Early Middle Ages - Europe

  2. Outline – Write each heading then skip a line or 2 for the next one. • Vikings • William the Conqueror • European Feudalism • Lords/Vassals • Knights • Serfs • Manors • Feudal Pyramid • Middle Ages • Germanic Invasions • Rise of the Church • The Pope • Charles Martel • Charlemagne • Invaders In Europe

  3. Middle Ages • Period from about 500-1500 , also known as the medieval period • First half from 500-1000 is known as the Early Middle Ages, or the Dark Ages- period of intellectual decline after the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). • Had its roots in: • Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, and customs of Germanic tribes (northern Europe).

  4. Germanic Invasions • Germanic tribes in Northern Europe such as the Goths begin sacking and pillaging cities after the Fall of Rome. • Disrupts Trade (No ideas being spread) • Downfall of Cities (little administration) • Population becomes rural • Loss of Latin language; Germans mix it with own languages and form hybrids we still see today.

  5. Rise of the Roman Catholic Church • What do people do? • RCC provided order and security during invasions after governments became weak. • Structure of government changes • Church becomes most powerful political force in Middle Ages • Monks in monasteries - education

  6. The Pope • Pope = leader of RCC – becomes a political force with great power over people. • What happens if you disagree with the pope? • Hierarchy – • Pope • Cardinal • Bishop • Priest • People

  7. Charles (“The Hammer”) Martel • Leader of the Franks (modern-day France) • 732 Battle of Tours – Martel wins a victory that halts the Islamic advance and maintains Christianity in Western Europe • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztoNqerMrd8

  8. Charlemagne 742-814 • “Charles the Great” - 6’4’’ tall – imposing guy. • Unites parts of Western Europe, spreads Christianity • Named emperor by the pope in 800 after putting down a mob • Last strong King for a while

  9. Invaders in Europe • Muslims and Magyars invade and break down central authority. • No clear rulers to stand up to the invaders. • Power of kings fades; now any leader who can fight the invaders gained followers and political strength.

  10. Vikings • From Scandinavia – Northmen or Norsemen • Warriors and Sailors, worshiped warlike gods and had names like Eric Bloodaxe and ThorfinnSkullsplitter. • Used Warships to raid coastal towns • Technological innovators – Viking Warships • Leif Ericsson – reaches North America in c. 1000 AD

  11. William the Conquerer • From Normandy – northern France • Problem of succession in England – who is going to be king? • Conquers England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings – Becomes ruler

  12. European Feudalism • With the invaders and conquerors inflicting fear on the people, they turn to local protection. • Feudalism – exchanging land for service, labor, or military service. • Essentially, someone with money and land is going to give it to another person. Then that person provides military support or other services in return.

  13. Lords and Vassals – Basic Ideas • Lord- a landowner who gives land (fief) to another person. • That other person is a vassal = gets land, gives service. • Lords and Vassals are a generic name (tissue) that will have more specific names (Kleenex). • In Europe, the feudal structure looks like this : • Kings -> Nobles -> Knights -> Serfs

  14. Knights • Knights – mounted horsemen who defend lord’s lands in exchange for fiefs • “Will work for land.” • Knights were held in high honor in Europe. They lived by a code of chivalry – fight bravely for 3 things: his lord, God, and his lady

  15. Serfs • Mostly peasants – bound to the land they worked • Not exactly slaves, though. Lords couldn’t sell or buy them. • What they produce lord.

  16. Manors • Manors – lord’s estate/house. • Serfs lived and worked on the manor. In exchange, the lord gives them food and a place to live safely. • Typically nobles – person of high rank by birth in society. • Aristocracy

  17. Middle Ages Manor Church • Manorialism – economic system for nobles and serfs Manor House Field of peasants working Artisan’s shop

  18. Feudal Pyramid – Maybe the most important part Copy this one down somewhere in your notes – you’ll need to be familiar with this system.

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