DAYLILIES 101 Everything you wanted to know about Daylilies, But were afraid to ask!

1. DAYLILIES 101 Everything you wanted to know about Daylilies, But were afraid to ask!

2. Why is it called a daylily?

3. Why is it called a daylily? The bloom only lasts one day.

4. Why is it called a daylily? HEMEROCALLIS The scientific name for the daylily. (From the Greek hemera day + kallos beauty). Originally the genus Hemerocallis was placed in the lily family, Liliaceae, but more recently it has been moved to the family Hemerocallidaceae. DAYLILY • Plants of the genusHemerocallis, familyHemerocallidaceae. Some older references may still include Hemerocallis in the lily family, Liliaceae. • Generally, a single daylily bud is in bloom for a single day before it begins to wither. Multiple buds on the scapes provide bloom over a number of weeks each bloom season. • Ancient Chinese used the plant's roots, leaves and flowers for food. They also used its roots and crown as a pain reliever, a diuretic and for other medicinal purposes. • Its botanical name, Hemerocallis, derives from two Greek words meaning "beauty" and "day," referring to the fact that each flower lasts only one day. • In some dictionaries and other reference works, this plant may be referred to as "day lily," but the spelling was consolidated into a single word in 1923 upon the recommendation of the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature, as reported by the publication Standardized Plant Names, 1923 edition, Preface, p. x and p. 199.

5. Why is the daylily a perfect perennial? • Available in a rainbow of colors, a variety of shapes, heights and sizes. There are currently over 60,000 varieties registered with the AHS • Able to survive with very little care in a wide range of climates • Suitable for all types of landscapes • Adaptable to various soil and light conditions • Known to bloom from late spring until autumn

6. Where did the daylily originate? • The genus Hemerocallis is native to Asia. • Since the early 1930s, hybridizers in the United States and England have made great improvements in daylilies. • Originally, the only colors were yellow, orange, and fulvous red. • Today, we have colors ranging from near-whites, pastels, yellows, oranges, pinks, vivid reds, crimson, purple, nearly true-blue, and fabulous blends.

7. Where did the daylily originate? • Many people are familiar with only the common yellow or orange daylilies which are often seen along roadsides. • These daylilies are cultivated forms of the wild types of daylilies which have "escaped" and are growing as if they are wild. • All the modern daylilies have been developed through a complicated history of hybridization among these and other wild types.

8. What are the parts of a daylily? • The daylily can be characterized as a clump-forming, herbaceous perennial with fibrous or somewhat tuberous roots. The daylily has four fairly distinct growing parts.

9. What are the parts of a daylily? • Roots The roots of a daylily are long, slender, and fibrous. Or, they may be enlarged into spindle-shaped tubers with additional roots at their bases. The roots absorb water and minerals for use by the plant, and serve as storehouses for food produced by the leaves.

10. What are the parts of a daylily? • Crown The crown of a daylily is the stem of the daylily plant. It is the solid white core located between the leaves and the roots. The crown produces leaves and scapes from its upper surface. The roots are produced from its sides and lower surface.

11. What are the parts of a daylily? • Leaves The leaves of daylilies are long, slender, and grass-like. They have a prominent center rib on the underside. The leaves are arranged opposite each other on the crown, giving a flattened appearance which causes the plant to be referred to as a "fan." Multiple fans of a single plant form a "clump.“

12. What are the parts of a daylily? • Scape The scape of a daylily is a leafless stalk which bears the flowers. Most have two or more branches, each bearing several flower buds. Below the branches, the stalks have a few leaf-like "bracts." Sometimes, a small plantlet grows at the junction of a bract and the scape. This is called a "proliferation" and can be rooted to produce another plant.

13. Parts of a Daylily http://www.daylilies.org/ ahs_dictionary/dictionary.html

14. What are the different ways of reproducing a daylily? • Fans Multiplying (identical to the parent) A clump is a group of 3 or more fans together.

15. What are the different ways of reproducing a daylily? • Proliferation (identical to the parent)

16. What are the different ways of reproducing a daylily? • Hybridizing (Seed Pod) (not identical to the parent, a combination of chromosomes from each parent produces a different plant)

17. What are the different types of foliage? • Dormant • Semi Evergreen • Evergreen • All daylilies, regardless of foliage habit, are capable of cold temperature dormancy in the technical sense where it gets cold enough to suspend growth.

18. What are the different types of foliage? • The cold-hardiness of daylilies is quite variable. Some are iron-clad hardy. Others are extremely tender. Cold-hardiness is not determined by the foliage habit. Evergreen, dormant, and semi-evergreen can be anything from extremely cold-hardy to extremely tender. To avoid risk of losing a cultivar, choose daylilies which others have already grown successfully in your climate.

19. What are the different types of foliage? • Garden with all foliage types

20. What are the different types of foliage? • the term "dormant" refers to daylilies that lose their foliage completely before or shortly after frost and over-winter with pointed foliage buds, usually just beneath the soil surface. Dormants will resume growth in spring.

21. What are the different types of foliage? • Semi Evergreen is intermediate foliage behavior that is not adequately described as simply DORMANT or EVERGREEN.

22. What are the different types of foliage? • The foliage habit of daylilies that retain their foliage throughout the year. In cold winter climates, evergreen daylilies over-winter as a mound of frozen pale green foliage. Evergreens may resume growth during a mid-winter thaw in mild climates. Evergreen daylilies do not set resting buds.

23. What are the different ploidy? • Plants all have a basic complement of chromosomes. Most plants are diploid. they have two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell. Polyploids are plants with more than two sets of chromosomes. A tetraploid is only one of a whole series of polyploids. Triploids have three sets of chromosomes, tetraploids have four sets of chromosomes, et cetera.

24. What are the different ploidy? • Tetraploid –Having four sets of chromosomes in each cell of the plant (in daylilies, 44 chromosomes altogether.) That is twice the number found in the sex cells (sperm and egg) Tetraploid daylilies are heralded by some growers as having a number of advantages over diploids. In the tetraploid: • Flowers tend to be larger. • Colors of the flower tend to be more intense. • Scapes tend to be sturdier and stronger. • Substance of both flower and foliage tend to be heavier. • Vegetative vigor in leaf, stem, and flower tend to be greater. • Breeding possibilities tend to be greater because of an increased number of chromosomes

25. What are the different ploidy? • Diploid –A plant having two complete sets of the basic set of chromosomes. A diploid daylily has 22 chromosomes. One set of 11 comes from the egg cell, one set from the sperm cell in the pollen. Diploid daylilies continue to charm growers with their exquisite flower form, grace, and color. Good pink daylilies are still more prevalent in the diploid ranks. • Spider and double daylilies are still more prevalent in the diploid ranks. • Diploid daylilies are easier to cross than tetraploids. • Many diploid daylilies have been converted to tetraploids, thus advancing the tetraploid lines. • There are more diploids than tetraploids.

26. What is the blooming sequence? • EE - Extra Early • E - Early • EM - Early Mid • M - Mid • ML - Mid Late • L – Late • VL – Very Late • Peak – 1st or 2nd week in June in South Carolina

27. What are the Characteristics of a Daylily? • Reblooms - Having more than one cycle of flowering per year. • Fragrant - have a very light pleasing scent. Some cultivars are more heavily scented than others. Scent may vary with the time of the day and weather conditions • Nocturnal -A flower that opens sometime after late day and remains open during the night and perhaps all or part of the following day (in which case it may also be an EXTENDED bloomer.) • Extended Bloom - Flowers that remain open 16 hours or more • Height – The height of the scape

28. What are the Characteristics of a Daylily? • Bloom Size is used for classification at AHS Exhibition shows. • Miniature is less than 3” in diameter • Small is more than 3” but less than 4 ½” • Large is more than 4 ½” and less than 7” • Extra Large is more than 7”

29. What are the Characteristics of a Daylily? • Branching - Used to describe daylilyscapes that have lateral branchlets, each containing a cluster of buds. Three-way branching may describe a scape with three branchlets, but is used by some hybridizers to indicate there are three side branches as well as a cluster of blooms at the top of the scape. One way to signify this is "3-4 way branching", indicating 3 laterals and one terminal cluster of buds.

30. What are the Characteristics of a Daylily? • Bud Count - Since each daylilyflower is only open one day, the number of buds each scape carries is indicative of how many flowers the plant will bear on a single scape. The bud count can be determined by counting the number of buds, seed pods and bloom scars and adding these together.

31. COLOR and PATTERNS • Modern hybrid daylilies have a remarkably diverse color range, especially considering that the wild types from which they have been bred were only in shades of yellow, orange, fulvous and rosy-fulvous. Today, the only colors notably lacking are pure white and pure blue. Needless to say, hybridizers are avidly pursuing these two colors.

32. COLOR and PATTERNS • Basic Flower Color • The outer portion of the daylily flower is considered to be the basic color of the flower. The present daylily color range includes:

33. COLOR and PATTERNS • Yellow all shades from the palest lemon, through bright yellow and gold, to orange. • Red diverse shades of scarlet, carmine, tomato-red, maroon, wine-reds, and blackish-reds. • Pink from pale pink through rose-pink to rose-red.

34. COLOR and PATTERNS • Purple from pale lavender and lilac to deep grape or violet. • Melon or Cream-Pink from palest cream shades to deep cantaloupe shades. • Notes: Buff, Brown, Apricot, and Peach are thought to be variations of pink plus yellow. Near-whites are found among the palest tints of yellow, pink, lavender, or melon.

35. COLOR and PATTERNS • Throat Color The center area of the daylily flower is called the throat. In most daylilies, the throat color differs from the rest of the flower. Usually it is a shade of green, yellow, gold, orange, apricot, or melon.

36. COLOR and PATTERNS • Stamen Color Like the throat, the stamens may be a different color from the basic flower color and the throat color. Or, the stamens may be of matching color. Usually they are light yellow to greenish. The anthers at the tips of the stamens are often darker in color sometimes black.

37. COLOR and PATTERNS Self – A flower having perianth segments all of the same color. The throat region can be a different color. In a complete self the segments, throat,pistil and stamens will all be the same color Neon Sunshine

38. COLOR and PATTERNSBlend – Flower with an intermingling of two or more colors Diva Bride

39. COLOR and PATTERNS Polychrome – Flowersblending and intermingling many colors without distinct bands. Dancing With Dixie

40. COLOR and PATTERNS Bitone – A flower with inner and outer segments of different tints of the same basic color. A bitone has lighter outer segments (sepals) and darker inner segments (petals). Browns Ferry Firecracker

41. COLOR and PATTERNS Reverse Bitone – Flower with lighter inner segments and outer segments of a darker color. Concorde Nelson

42. COLOR and PATTERNS Bicolor – A daylilyflower whose petalsegments are of a completely different color than its sepal segments Old King Cole

43. COLOR and PATTERNS Reverse Bicolor – A daylilyflower whose petalsegments are of a completely different color than its sepal segments Crackling Fire

44. COLOR and PATTERNS Eyed – The zone of a different color occurs on both petal & sepal Womanizer

45. COLOR and PATTERNS Band – The zone of a different color occurs only on the petals Ashley Danielle

46. COLOR and PATTERNS Halo - The zone of a different color is faint or only lightly visible MeMe’s Sunshine

47. COLOR and PATTERNS Watermark - The zone of a different color is lighter shade than the rest of the flower The Color of Wonderful

48. COLOR and PATTERNS Edged – Distinctly different color occurring along the outer edge of the segments of a daylily. Windsor Plantation

49. COLOR and PATTERNS Edges – Edges can be structural, i.e. have knobs, braids, tentacles, fringe, and teeth. Interview with a Vampire

50. COLOR and PATTERNS Picotee – A specific type of edge on a flower, where the edge is of a different color than that of the flower's base color. Picotees can have borders or margins which are lighter or darker, but they should be of a contrasting color, i.e., white edge on a red flower or red edge on an eyed flower. The only criterion is that the edge be of a contrasting color as the base of the flower; it can sometimes take bizarre shapes as well as hooks, horns, teeth, bubbles, braids, or fringe. All picotees are edges, but not all edges are picotees. All picotees are picoteed edges. Clear Horizons