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Emotion and Cognition

Emotion and Cognition. Chapter 13 Monday November 20, 2006. Outline. Defining emotion Early vs. current concepts of emotion Neurobiology of emotion Limbic system Frontal structures and how they regulate emotion Case studies and brain damage The amygdala and learning and memory

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Emotion and Cognition

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  1. Emotion and Cognition • Chapter 13 Monday November 20, 2006

  2. Outline • Defining emotion • Early vs. current concepts of emotion • Neurobiology of emotion • Limbic system • Frontal structures and how they regulate emotion • Case studies and brain damage • The amygdala and learning and memory • The amygdala and identifying facial expressions

  3. Neutral Anger Disgust Fear Happy Sad Surprise Neutral EmotionFacial Expressions

  4. Emotions are Valenced HIGH AROUSAL Angry Elated Afraid Surprised Annoyed Interested POSITIVE NEGATIVE Sleepy Ashamed Proud Satisfied Sad Fatigued LOW AROUSAL

  5. Emotion and Cognition Zajonc vs. Lazarus Descartes vs. Demasio

  6. The Limbic System

  7. The Limbic System

  8. 13-04

  9. Frontal Projections

  10. Frontal Cortex: A brief Background • It makes you do the harder thing • Cognition (working memory and executive function deficits) • Task reversal (Eg. Alzheimer’s patients) (Rolls 1999)

  11. Frontotemporal Dementia

  12. Sleep The Dream 1932 Picasso

  13. Orbitofrontal cortex in decision making

  14. Frontal Cortex and Development in Humans

  15. 13-09 W. W. Norton

  16. Orbitofrontal cortex damage and social deficits • Deficits in social decision making • Cannot inhibit inappropriate social responses or aggressive behaviours • Utilization behaviour (Lhermitte, 1986) and mimicking • Change in personality, irresponsibility, and lack of concern for the present or future • Decrease in social status • Inappropriate, aggressive and impulsive reactions

  17. EmotionKluver-Bucy Syndrome • Damage to the Medial Temporal Lobe produces: • Emotional Blunting: a flat affect and may not respond appropriately to stimuli. • Hyperphagia: extreme weight gain without a strictly monitored diet. There is a strong tendency for those with Kluver-Bucy to compulsively place inedible objects in their mouths. • Inappropriate Sexual Behavior: atypical sex behaviors, mounting inanimate objects. • Visual Agnosia: "psychic blindness," i. e. an inability to visually recognize objects.

  18. Inputs and Outputs of the Amygdala

  19. 13-11 W. W. Norton

  20. 13-12 W. W. Norton

  21. 13-10a Davis, M. (1992). The Role of the Amygdala in Conditioned Fear. In J.P. Aggleton (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction (pp. 255-306). New York: Wiley-Liss

  22. 13-10b Davis, M. (1992). Th Role of the Amygdala in Conditioned Fear. In J.P. Aggleton (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction (pp. 255-306). New York: Wiley-Liss

  23. 13-10c Davis, M. (1992). Th Role of the Amygdala in Conditioned Fear. In J.P. Aggleton (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction (pp. 255-306). New York: Wiley-Liss

  24. 13-13 W. W. Norton

  25. Amygdala and Hippocampus • The amygdala can modulate episodic/hippocampal dependant memory • Emotional arousal ameliorates explicit memory performance (McGaugh, 1999) • Chronic stress or extreme arousal can impair hippocampal memory performance (Sapolsky, 1992)

  26. 13-15 W. W. Norton

  27. EmotionFacial Expressions Happy Fear Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M. B., & Jenike, M. A. (1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(1), 411-418.

  28. EmotionSM SM: A life-long pattern of social and emotional inadequacy. SM 1 Control 0.9 0.8 Urbach-Wiethe Disease Mean Correlation with Normals 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Disgusted Happy Afraid Angry Surprised

  29. Amygdala Lesion Untrained EmotionDamage to the Amygdala Interferes with Fear 4 2 0 -2 Mean % Change From Pre CS Baseline -4 Sham -6 -8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Five Trial Blocks Kapp, B. S., Frysinger, R. C., Gallagher, M., & Haselton, J. R. (1979). Amygdala central nucleus lesions: effect on heart rate conditioning in the rabbit. Physiology & Behavior, 23, 1109-1117.

  30. Auditory Stimulus Laboratory Procedures for Measuring Fear and Anxiety in Rodents Pavlovian Fear Conditioning D heart rate decreased salivation increased startle defecation hypoalgesia D Activity Central State of Fear & Shock

  31. Auditory Stimulus EmotionLaboratory Procedures for Measuring Fear Pavlovian Fear Conditioning D heart rate decreased salivation increased startle defecation hypoalgesia D Activity Central State of Fear

  32. 13-09 W. W. Norton

  33. 13-08c W. W. Norton

  34. 13-05a Davidson, R.J., Jackson, D.C., and Kalin, N.H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychol. Bull. 126:890-909

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