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The Middle ages

The Middle ages. Outcome: The Crusades. Church Reform & The Crusades. The Crusades What is a crusade? A holy war involving the journey of thousands of Europeans to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem in the name of Christianity

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The Middle ages

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  1. The Middle ages Outcome: The Crusades

  2. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Crusades • What is a crusade? • A holy war involving the journey of thousands of Europeans to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem in the name of Christianity • In all, there were 8 or 9 Crusades (depending on your source)

  3. Church Reform & The Crusades • When were the Crusades? • Starts in 1093 and lasts for nearly 300 years

  4. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Social: Opportunity to get knights to stop fighting each other and fight a new foe. These knights threatenedpeace in Europe. • Economic: The Holy Lands of Jerusalem were generally wealthier than Europe and many wanted to get their share of that wealth

  5. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Economic: Younger sons who did not stand to inherit father’sproperty were looking for wealth and adventure • Economic: Merchants supplied loans to finance the journey

  6. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Political: A chance for the pope to gain territory instead of Byzantine rival • Spiritual: Fight/die on Crusade = ticket to heaven (Christian contradiction)

  7. Pope Urban II

  8. Church Reform & The Crusades • What happened: • First Crusade • Pope Urban IIcalled for a holy war against Muslims controlling holy lands • Urban’s call brought tremendous support for the Crusade • Those who died on Crusade were assured a ticket to heaven • “God wills it!” was the battle cry • 3,000 mile journey from Europe to Jerusalem • Eventually, 12,000 approached Jerusalem and besieged it for a month • On July 15, 1099, the Christians captured the city • In the process, the Christians slaughtered all of the Muslims left in the city

  9. Church Reform & The Crusades • Second Crusade • The Muslim Army under command of Saladin captured Jerusalem again in 1187 • The Christians crusade to defeat Saladin and recapture the city

  10. Saladin

  11. The Second Crusade

  12. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Third Crusade • Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful monarchs • Philip II of France – went home • German Emperor Frederick – drowned on journey

  13. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Third Crusade • English King Richard the Lion-Hearted • Fought many battles against Saladin • Agreed to a truce with Saladin in 1192 • Jerusalem stayed under Muslimcontrol • Saladin promised unarmed Christians could freely visit the city’s holyplaces

  14. Church Reform & The Crusades • Other attempts • 4th Crusade failed to recapture Jerusalem • In the 1200s, four more Crusades were also unsuccessful • The Children’s Crusade

  15. Church Reform & The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Example of Church power • Tradeexpanded between Europe and Southwest Asia • Thousands of knights and other participants lost their lives • Those who survived brought back culture to Europe • Persecution of Jews; thousands were slaughtered because they wereinfidels • Failure of later crusades lessened the power of the pope • The Crusades weakened the power of the feudal nobility (Knights were dead) • Began a legacy of bitterness and hatred of Christians for the Muslims and vice versa

  16. The Crusades • Result: The Crusades were a violation of “Thou Shalt Not Kill.” It was also an example of an abuse of church power. The effects of the Crusades are still felt through that region of the world today.

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