Force, Stress, and Strength [start reading Chapter 3]

1. GLG310 Structural Geology

2. Force, Stress, and Strength[start reading Chapter 3] • Introduction • Dynamic analysis • Force • Tractions • Stress • Relationships between stress and strain • Deformation experiments GLG310 Structural Geology

3. Structural Geology • Introduces the physical side of Geological Sciences and emphasizes • Geometry (shape, orientation, position, size, etc.) • Motion (beginning and ending positions and paths of particles and bodies—deformation or change in geometry) • Mechanics (explanations of why the geometry and motion are how they are) GLG310 Structural Geology

4. http://gdavis.web.arizona.edu/node/105 Geometric and kinematic description

5. Structural Analysis • Descriptive Analysis • Recognize and describe structures and measure their locations, geometries and orientations • Scale, Structural Elements • Kinematic Analysis • Focus on motion of materials • Dynamic Analysis • Interpret motions in terms of applied forces GLG310 Structural Geology

6. Simulate earth processes in a controlled experiment Build intuition versus actual prediction Identify controlling processes or conditions Physical Models http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5hC47RGq0Y GLG310 Structural Geology

7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDQRfNEBR2w GLG310 Structural Geology

8. Mechanics • Develop simple rules to explain behavior • Can be stated in symbolic or mathematical terms GLG310 Structural Geology

9. Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.” Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Sir Isaac Newton, first published 5 July 1687 F=mA GLG310 Structural Geology

10. Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion • Law I: Every body continues in its state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed upon it. GLG310 Structural Geology

11. http://www.poolplayers.com/instruction/terry-bell/2011/04/billiards-master-class-9-approach-and-procedure/ 1:25 cue ball to pool ball force transfer

12. Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion • Law II: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the impressed force and is made in the direction in which the force is impressed. GLG310 Structural Geology

13. GLG310 Structural Geology

14. Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion Dimensional analysis: fundamental units Mass = amount of material in a body Weight = Force due to gravity action on a body 1 liter of water has a mass of on earth it weighs on the moon it weighs GLG310 Structural Geology

15. GLG310 Structural Geology

16. What does a Newton feel like? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOINRpWGrlw

17. What does a Newton feel like? -Davis and Reynolds (vo. 2), p. 101 GLG310 Structural Geology

18. Force: Forces as vectors use the tip-to-tail method to find the resultant force http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/

19. http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/mechanics/for/add_force/resultant_force_e.htmlhttp://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/mechanics/for/add_force/resultant_force_e.html

20. Block mass is 10000 kg What is normal and shear force along base? Dip is 10 degrees.

21. GLG310 Structural Geology

22. Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion • Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/

23. Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion • Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction Equilibrium

24. GLG310 Structural Geology

25. Driving and resisting forces of plate tectonics