Part III 3.2.6

1. Part III 3.2.6 • Negation（反译）

2. What is negation: • Simply stated, negation is to translate an affirmative sentence into a negation sentence, or to translate a negation sentence into an affirmative sentence, based on the specific situation. Those sentences with “no”, “not” or “never” are negative sentences, and those without these words are affirmative sentences. Likewise, in Chinese, those sentences with “不”, “没有” or“无” are negative sentence, and those without these words are affirmative sentences.

3. Examples: • And remember that no dictator in history has ever dared to run the gauntlet of a really free election. (gauntlet: serious trial 严酷考验 ) • 不要忘记，历史上的专制独裁者，是没有哪个敢接受真正的自由选择制度的。 • They, like some of our enemies, have a long road to travel before they accept the ethics of humanity. • 他们要经过漫漫长路才会接受人类的道德规范，在这一点上，他们和我们的一些敌人没有什么区别。

4. Examples: • We are faced with the prominent fact that, if civilization is to survive, we must cultivate the science of human relationship. • 我们面对着一个不容抹杀的事实：文明若要继续存在，就必须发展人际关系学。 • But this country is a long way from perfection. • 但是这个国家还远非尽善尽美。

5. Examples: • We have not had the courage to uproot these things, although we know they are wrong. • 尽管我们知道这些行为都是不对的，但我们却没有勇气去根除。 • Your article failed to get to the root of the issue. • 你的文章未能触及问题的实质。

6. Examples: • Please refrain from smoking. • 请勿吸烟。 • In the absence of anybody more experienced, I took command. • 由于找不到其他更有经验的人，只好由我来指挥。 • You couldn’t turn on television without seeing a woman demonstrating lipstick. • 你一开电视准会看到一个女人在表演涂唇膏。

7. Examples: • The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. • 苦难中，归国的念头一直在他心中萦绕着。 • He returned home with no hope on his face. • 他心灰意冷地回到了家。 • 如果一辈子都不同工人农民见面，这就很不好。 • It will be rather bad if we always refrain from meeting workers and peasants.

8. Examples: • 命运待他极为不公。 • Fate has treated him pretty roughly. • 那座建筑物历多年未倒。 • The building stood for many years. • 我这样不负责任地离开了中国，我真是一个罪人。 • To quit China at this moment means to dodge my responsibility, and that makes me feel very guilty indeed!

9. Examples: • 但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感。 • But, because of my approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to. • 我与父亲不相见已2年有余了。 • It is more than two years since I last saw father. • 她光着脚走进了房间。 • She came into the room with no shoes on.

10. Examples: • 我只好让他去。 • I could do nothing but let him go. • 你的恩情我永远铭记在心。 • I shall never forget your kindness. • 趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门的学问。 • While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourself to a special field of study?

11. Translate the following phrases, first using affirmative way, and then the negative way: disregard 忽视 不顾，不理会 mannerless 粗野的、极随便的 不讲文明礼貌的 keep at it 继续干下去 不要放弃 the whole lot 全部 一点不剩 break one’s promise 食言 不履行诺言

12. Translate the following sentences, using both affirmative and negation ways of expression: • A danger lurks. • 危险埋伏着 。 • 隐患未除 。 • He does no find himself. • 他甚感茫然。 • 他很不得志。 • It’s as good as a farce. • 这简直是一场闹剧。 • 这无异于一场闹剧。

13. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the skill of negation: • The world today is far from peaceful. • 今天的世界还很不安宁。 • 我们的人民军队无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。 • Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people. • 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。 • Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise. • An good opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. • 良机难再。

14. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the skill of negation: • The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. • 证据确凿，毋庸置疑。 • All that glitters is not gold. • 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。（发光的并不都是金子。） • Both children are not clever. • 并非两个孩子都聪明。