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Class Ophiuroidea

Class Ophiuroidea. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/bgifs/Brittlestar_bw.GIF. Brittle stars and basket stars Most diverse group of echinoderms Also known for regeneration (and autonomy - to sever/cast off arm for escape) Feed using arms which draw food to mouth with 5 triangular jaws

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Class Ophiuroidea

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  1. Class Ophiuroidea http://www.enchantedlearning.com/bgifs/Brittlestar_bw.GIF

  2. Brittle stars and basket stars • Most diverse group of echinoderms • Also known for regeneration (and autonomy- to sever/cast off arm for escape) • Feed using arms which draw food to mouth with 5 triangular jaws • brittle stars predators/scavengers • Basket stars suspension feeders • Central disk pentagon shaped with long slender arms extending out • Brittle stars unbranched arms • Basket stars branched arms

  3. Ophiuroids are different than members of Asteroidea (sea stars) in many ways: • They lack demalbranchiae and pedicellariae • Madreporite is on oral surface • Water-vascular system NOT used for locomotion (instead they use 2 arms to pull animal) • Ambulacral groove “closed” • No intestine and no digestive tract in arms • Use bursaefor gas exchange and diffusion of some waste

  4. Dioecious: male smaller than female (females often carry males) • Embryos protected in bursea until larval stage and sometimes nourished by parent http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/rsfoximages4/ophio11La_x550_x_414x.gif

  5. http://www.seasky.org/wallpaper/assets/wallpaper_sea/brittle-star-1280.jpghttp://www.seasky.org/wallpaper/assets/wallpaper_sea/brittle-star-1280.jpg Brittle Stars http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/islands01/log/sep4/media/brownstripe_brtlstrs_600.jpg http://clem.mscd.edu/~churchcy/BIO3200/outline/animalia/brittle.jpg http://www.avilamarine.org/web/images/phocagallery/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_brittle%20star%20st%20vin%20copy.jpg

  6. http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/images/photo%20gallery/Astracme.jpghttp://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/images/photo%20gallery/Astracme.jpg http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Echino_images/basket.jpg Basket Stars http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/aro/russian-american/2009/photos/basket%20star%20(RAS%20NOAA%20RUSALCA%202009).jpg

  7. Class Echinoidea • Sea Urchins and sand dollars • Usually live in sand or mud burrowing just below surface- also on hard substrates • Use tube feet to catch organic matter • Feed on algae, bryozoans, coral polyps, and dead animal remains • Chewing apparatus = Aristotle’s Lantern • Digestive system of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, long coiled intestine, and anus. • Dioecious • Gonads on inside of body wall • Fertilization external

  8. Water-vascular system similar to most echinoderms • Gas exchange occurs by diffusion across epithelium and across tube feet • Sea Urchins: • Skeleton = test (10 sets of plates) • 5 rows of ambulacral plates for tube feet • Tubercles for spines (locomotion uses spines for pushing and tube feet for pulling; sometimes spines used for burrowing as well) • Spines hollow and may contain venom

  9. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1QNoWYYm-PQ/SJUyfTa9SbI/AAAAAAAABw0/lFQeMUWnsR4/s400/100_4205b.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1QNoWYYm-PQ/SJUyfTa9SbI/AAAAAAAABw0/lFQeMUWnsR4/s400/100_4205b.jpg http://www.emiliogrossi.com/images/Photography/PORTFOLIO%201%20GENERAL/10.%20SAND%20DOLLAR%20DETAIL.JPG http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://image60.webshots.com/160/6/96/34/501869634pZdmSM_fs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://travel.webshots.com/photo/1501869634041101657pZdmSM&usg=__xzgiHj7yGnd5RbNn_1QvzowoOus=&h=1200&w=1600&sz=326&hl=en&start=11&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=kpIoecNYxbq9GM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dliving%2Bsand%2Bdollar%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

  10. http://www.jaxshells.org/test.jpg http://www.daviddarling.info/images/sea_urchin.jpg http://kayakbc.ca/brag/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/urchin-shell1.jpg

  11. http://shizuokagourmet.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/research-uni.jpghttp://shizuokagourmet.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/research-uni.jpg *Left bottom corner: http://noodlepie.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/07/20/1254604807_b6506376e0.jpg http://www.celebratebig.com/pacific-northwest/james-island-san-juan-islands-kayaking-natural-harvesting-class/james-island-sea-urchin-raw-eggs.jpg

  12. Class Holothuroidea • Sea cucumbers/sea slugs • No arms, spines, or pedicellariae • Flattened ventral side with tube feet • *Bilateral symmetry as adults • Tube feet around mouth modified as tentacles • Madreporite internal • Locomotion from body-wall musclecontractions • Many dioecious with 1 gonad (fetilization external)

  13. Feed on organic matter in sand/soil • Digestive tract = stomach, long looped intestine, rectum, and anus • Hemal system well developed for food distribution • Respiration and waste move between a system of tubes called respiratory trees • To prevent predation: • May have toxins in body • May expel/evert respiratory trees and other inner parts (then regenerate them)

  14. http://www.tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/holoana.gif http://kevinanonymous.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/cucumaria_miniata.jpg

  15. *Body wall = Trepang http://www.foodherald.com/images/braised-sea-cucumbers1.jpg http://www.redcook.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/sea_cucumber.jpg “Possessing a slippery texture with bumps along its surface (the more 'bumps' the better thus more expensive), sea cucumber is completely free from cholesterol and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat high blood pressure, helps people with urinating troubles and removes swollenness.” http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.foodherald.com/images/braised-sea-cucumbers1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.foodherald.com/recipes/quirky-food/&usg=__qxvcR-Ul9GwzhCI9GDdfW_yRvvI=&h=536&w=536&sz=106&hl=en&start=5&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=eL6YzNaIDeo6EM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bcucumber%2Brecipe%26hl%3Den%26um%3D1

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