1 / 20

Prions

Prions. “small proteinaceous infectious agents without a nucleic acid genome……produce spongiform encephalopathies ”. Pathogenicity. abnormally folded proteins that cause the proteins to clump diseases have a long incubation time CNS damage is insidious no fever and inflammation .

gavin
Download Presentation

Prions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Prions “small proteinaceous infectious agents without a nucleic acid genome……produce spongiform encephalopathies”

  2. Pathogenicity • abnormally folded proteins that cause the proteins to clump • diseases have a long incubation time • CNS damage is insidious • no fever and inflammation

  3. Readings Question #1 • Why are prions of a particular concern to embalmers?

  4. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease • transfers/removals • embalming non-posted Remains • embalming posted remains • decontamination

  5. NJ Dept. of Health/NJSFDAEmbalming Non-posted Remains • Protective attire • Positioning • Topical disinfection • Washing and positioning • Injection site selection • Injection chemicals • No cavity aspitartion • Aspiration alternative

  6. Embalming Non-posted(cont’d) • other precautions: • purge • medical devices • washing • instruments • surfaces • disposables

  7. Embalming Posted Remains • viscera • preservative powder • completion • viscera bag • cranial cavity • calvarium

  8. Decontamination • sodium hypochlorite • incineration • detergent • solution of 1:10 sodium hypochlorite/water

  9. Viruses Readings question #2: How do viruses replicate? Readings question #3: How can some viruses become inactivated? Why? Give 1 example.

  10. Dermatropic (Skin) Diseases • Smallpox: vaccination ended in the 1970s • Monkeypox: • Measles: Readings question #4: What is the virus responsible for measles? What is the only reservoir for this virus? • MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)

  11. Dermatropic Diseases (cont’d) • German Measles: • Readings question #5: what is the virus that is responsible for this disease? How is it spread? • Chickenpox and Shingles: • Shingles rarely occurs in people under the age of 20

  12. Reye’s Syndrome • severe complication of chickenpox, influenze and some other viral diseases • persistent vomiting • signs of brain dysfunction • coma and death • survivors: neurological damage • children and teenagers • aspirin

  13. Dermatropic Diseases (cont’d) • Herpes Simplex 1 and 2: Readings question #6: What is caused by the Herpes Simplex 1 virus and how is it transmitted? What is caused by the Herpes Simplex 2 virus and how is it transmitted?

  14. Pneumotropic (URT) Diseases • Influenza: strains are “antigenic shifts” - vaccines are usually “multivalent” - pandemic 1918-1919 - 2 new drugs: zanamivir (Relenza) oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)

  15. Pneumotropic Diseases (cont’d) • Common Cold: • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS):

  16. Neurotropic (CNS) Diseases • Rabies: Readings question #7: Why is the immune system unable to suppress the infection caused by the rhabdovirus when it reaches the central nervous system? - not found in squirrels, rabbits, rats, or mice

  17. Neurotropic Diseases (cont’d) • Poliomyelitis: • Readings question #8: Describe the path of the poliovirus once it is ingested. • Viral Encephalitis: • West Nile Virus: 1999 New York City

  18. Viscerotropic (Visceral) Diseases • Hepatitis: Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis B (HBV) • Readings question #9: According to OSHA’s Blood-borne Pathogen Rule, what are the rights of funeral home employees regarding the HBV vaccine? Hepatitis C (HCV): “silent epidemic”

  19. Viscerotropic Disease (cont’d) • Infectious Mononucleosis: • Cytomegalovirus: “inclusion bodies” • Epidemic Parotitis (Mumps)

  20. Immunological Disease • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Readings question #10: What is the major threat to embalmers when embalming AIDS victims? What can the embalmer do to protect him/herself?

More Related