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Motivation

Motivation. What energizes human behavior? What channels or directs that behavior? How can certain behaviors be sustained or maintained over time?. Managerial Assumptions about Human Nature. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y ??.

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Motivation

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  1. Motivation • What energizes human behavior? • What channels or directs that behavior? • How can certain behaviors be sustained or maintained over time?

  2. Managerial Assumptions about Human Nature McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y ??

  3. Static-Content Theories of Motivation (past or present time-oriented, not predictive, needs-based) • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Alderfer’s ERG Theory • McClelland’s Theory of Socially Acquired Needs (APA) • Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory (2-Factor) • Managerial Application: Job Enrichment and the Job Characteristics Model

  4. Managerial Application: Job Enrichment and the Job Characteristics Model • Skill variety • Task identity • Task significance • Autonomy • Feedback

  5. Process Theories of Motivation (factors that energize, channel or direct behavior) (predictive) • Expectancy Theory (instrumentality, valence & expectancy) • Path-Goal Theory of Motivation • Goal-Setting Theory • Managerial Application: Management by Objectives

  6. Environmentally-Based Theories of Motivation • Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement Theory • Managerial Application: Organizational Behavior Modification • Social Comparison Theory • Equity Theory • Social Learning Theory

  7. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards and Motivation • Intrinsic Rewards • Extrinsic Rewards • Managerial Application: Gainsharing

  8. Motivation and the Psychological Contract • Organizational Commitment and the Psychological Contract

  9. Choosing an Appropriate Motivational Model Initial diagnosis Strategy selection Make the choice Five basic sources of motivation: Mission Agenda Control Share in Value Creation Learning Reputation

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