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A Compound is…..

A Compound is…. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined. A Mixture , on the other hand, is…. A substance made from two or more different elements that have not been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means. Mixtures.

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A Compound is…..

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  1. A Compound is….. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.

  2. A Mixture, on the other hand, is… A substance made from two or more different elements that have not been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means

  3. Mixtures

  4. A Mineral is a naturally occurring Inorganic Solid with a definite chemical composition and acrystalline structure.

  5. That means that… • It can’t be organic in origin • It can’t be a liquid • and.. • It has to have a crystal structure

  6. 5 Characteristics of minerals are: 1. Inorganic 2. Solid 3. Occurs Naturally 4. Definite Chemical Composition 5. Atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern

  7. Rocks that have a high percentage of Silicates are light in color, and are called Felsic rocks.

  8. Rocks that have a low percentage of Silicates are dark in color, and are called Mafic rocks.

  9. How do Minerals Form??? 1. Minerals form in cooling magma chambers

  10. Different types of minerals crystallize at different temperatures Decreasing temperature Bowen’s Reaction Series Mineral formation in a Magma Chamber

  11. Also the size of the mineral crystals is determined by the rate of cooling of the magma. -Large crystals form when the magma cools very slowly. -Small crystals form when the magma cools very quickly.

  12. Olivine

  13. Gabbro- Pyroxene and Olivine

  14. Pyroxene

  15. 2. Metamorphic Minerals:Some minerals occur as the result ofRecrystallisation and Reaction within existing rocks which produces new mineralsin response to changes in Pressure and Heat

  16. Pyroxene

  17. 3. Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved ions slowly evaporates. Salt deposits

  18. Minerals have a Crystalline Structure

  19. A Crystal is…. A regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called…. Crystal Faces

  20. Physical Properites of Minerals

  21. Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and by performing simple tests to determine their physical properties Luster Hardness Streak Cleavage Color Specific Gravity Fracture

  22. Color Color is the most easily observed, but least reliable property of a mineral for identification. This is because the color of many minerals varies with the kind of impurities in the mineral.

  23. Streak Streak is the color of the powder left on a streak plate when a mineral is rubbed on it. Streak is much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.

  24. Luster Luster is the way in which a mineral shines in the light.

  25. Cleavage Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to split in a particular direction.

  26. Fracture Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces.

  27. Hardness Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. The Mohs Hardness Scale is one of the most effective tool for identifying minerals.

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