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Aim: What is an organic compound?

Aim: What is an organic compound?. Do Now: what are the key components to organic chemistry? Homework: Text Book Pg 632 – 648 Questions 1-5 . Organic Chemistry Unit IX. I. Organic Compounds : defined. Contains carbon which must have four bonds Have covalent bonds.

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Aim: What is an organic compound?

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  1. Aim: What is an organic compound? Do Now: what are the key components to organic chemistry? Homework: Text Book Pg 632 – 648 Questions 1-5

  2. Organic Chemistry Unit IX

  3. I. Organic Compounds: defined • Contains carbon which must have four bonds • Have covalent bonds. • Have low melting points. • Have low boiling points. • React slowly because of their complex bonding. • May have symmetrical shapes (i.e.: tetrahedral) therefore are soluble in non-polar solvents. • Form large molecules with triple, double and single bonds.

  4. II. Nomenclature: Naming Organic Compounds • Learn to use Table P

  5. a) Types of Organic Compounds • Hydrocarbons any compound that contains carbon and hydrogen 1. Alkanes – hydrocarbons that contains all single bonds among the carbons in any chain -Formula For AlkaneCnH2n+2

  6. Complete Structural Formulas Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H   H  C  H H C H   H H CH4 , methane

  7. More Alkanes H H Condensed Structural Formulas H C C H CH3 CH3 H H Ethane H H H H C C C H CH3 CH2 CH3 H H H Propane

  8. Alkane Family Name # carbons Structural Formula Methane 1 CH4 Molecular Formula CH4

  9. Alkane Family Continued Name # carbons Structural Formula Ethane 2 CH3CH3 Molecular Formula C2H6

  10. Alkane Family Continued Name # carbons Structural Formula Propane 3 CH3CH2CH3 Molecular Formula C3H8

  11. Other Alkanes Name # carbons Structural Formula Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Heptane 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Octane 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Nonane 9 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

  12. Answer the following A. Draw butane? H H H H H C C C C H H H H H • What is its molecular formula? C4H10

  13. b) Alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one double bond among the carbons in any chain. C2H4 Ethene C3H6 Propene Butene C4H8

  14. Answer the Following What is the molecular formula of pentene ? C5H10 Why? H H H H H C= C-C-C- C H H H H H

  15. c) Alkynes-unsaturated hydrocarbons with one triple bond among the carbons in any chain Ethyne (acetylene C2H2 Propyne C3H4

  16. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond. 1 2 3 4 CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene CH3CCCH3 2-butyne

  17. Using Table Q

  18. Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds • Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom • Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes • Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

  19. Summary of Hydrocarbons • Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes are members of a homologous series where each successive member has one more carbon and two more hydrogens • If you arrange the series in alphabetical order which comes first , second and third ? Alkane – single bonds Alkene – double bond Alkyne – triple bond

  20. Using the summary and the reference tables answer the following 1. Given CH4, C2H6,what is the next member ? C3H8 2. Which of the following has a double bond ? C4H10, C4H8 or C4H6 3. Which of the following is Pentyne ? C5H12 C3H4 C5H8 4. Which of the following is a saturated hydrocarbon ? C5H12 C3H4 C5H8 5. Draw 2-butene. C-C=C-C plus the Hs

  21. Answer the following: • What is the formula of Butene ? C4H8 What is the formula of Hexane C6H14 What is the formula of Butyne ? C4H6 Which of the following is an alkene ? C4H10 C4H6 or C4H8

  22. d) Benzene Series • 1. Characteristics: • Aromatic hydrocarbon (ring structures) • Contains alternating double bonds • Displays chemical resonance • Highly nonpolar due to the depolarization of shared electron (equally distributed). • Formula: CnH2n-6 • Examples: Benzene, Toluene, Napthalene

  23. Benzene Toluene Napthalene

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