IVAN CAPP

1. IVANCAPP The 8 Parts of Speech

2. Wow! Interjection Whoa! • An INTERJECTION is a word or phrase used to express EMOTION. Awesome! Ouch! Oh no!

3. VERBS • A VERB is a word which expresses action or being. • It may be: • 1. action • helping • linking • 4. present, past, or future tense • 5. irregular • 6. active or passive voice

4. VERBS • 1. Action Verbs — tell what the subject does • Ex.: swims, writes, reads, walked, ran • Mark swims on the Frisco Swim Team. • Helping Verbs — help main verbs express action • Ex.: could, should, would, will, might, must, can, shall, • We should walk to school.

5. VERBS • Linking Verbs — link the subject to other words in the sentence Ex.: is, am, are, was, were, seems, appears I am your teacher. • Past, Present, Future Tense— tell when the action of the verb takes place Ex.: walked, walks, will walk He walked to school yesterday. He walks to school. He will walk to school tomorrow.

6. VERBS • Irregular Verbs — don’t follow standard patterns of tense Ex.: sing, sang, sung I sing the songs today. I sang the songs yesterday. I have sung the songs before. 6. Active and Passive — active: subject acts passive: subject receives activeThe boy kicked the ball. passiveThe ball was kicked by the boy.

7. Sound Grow Action vs. Linking Prove Remain • The “Is” Rule • There are verbs that can be linking verbs in SOME sentences, but are action verbs in other sentences. One way to determine if the verb is functioning as an action verb or a linking verb is to substitute the word “is” for the verb in question. If the sentence still makes sense, then it is probably a linking verb. If the sentence would not make sense with the word “is,” then it is probably an action verb in the sentence. Appear Smell Look Taste Feel

8. Little Adjectives seven • An ADJECTIVE is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives answer 3 questions: • What Kind? • How many or how much? • Which one or ones? How could you describe this apple? that these those this

9. Adjectives Examples: 1. Common – describes a noun in a general way Ex.: colorful, noisy, bitter, stinky, soft It’s a noisy cafeteria. 2. Proper – is made from a proper noun Ex.: Chinese (China), Mexican (Mexico) I love Mexican food.

10. Adjectives Comparisons: • Describing 1 That boy is short. • Comparative - Comparing 2 Ex.: That boy is shorter than his brother. 4. Superlative - Comparing more than 2 Ex.: That boy is the shortest on his team. If the adjective is a longer word…you add more and most. beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful

11. Adjectives Usually an adjective comes in front of the noun it is describing. The gigantic creature was hiding in the scary cave. It can also come after the noun. It is called a Predicate Adjective: The creature was gigantic.

12. cat Nouns • A NOUN is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. • Common Nouns: The general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex.: teacher, cat, cereal, school, kindness 2. Proper Nouns: The specific name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are ALWAYS Capitalized. Ex.: Mrs. Stolle, Garfield, Cheerios, Fowler Middle School

13. Nouns 3. Singular - one Ex.: pencil, dress, leaf, man 4. Plural – more than one Ex.: pencils, dresses, leaves, men 5. Collective – names a group Ex.: audience, herd (of cows), bunch (of grapes) 6. Non-count – are not singular or plural Ex.: water, rice, paper, anger

14. Conjunctions • A CONJUNCTION is a word that connects words or groups of words.

15. Conjunctions • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So Coordinating (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) – FANBOYS I went shopping at the mall, but I didn’t buy anything.

16. Conjunctions • After • Although • As • When • While • Until • Because • Before • If • Since Subordinating AAAWWUBBIS (“Ah-whoo-bis!”) after, although, as, when, while, until, because, before, if, since While we were at the park, we played on the slide.

17. Adverb • An ADVERB is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. carefully there yesterday completely

18. Adverb Adverbs answer 4 questions: • How? terribly, suddenly, carefully, sadly The pig danced terribly. • When? yesterday, now, later, soon The pig danced yesterday. • Where? here, there, up, ahead The pig danced here. • To What Extent? completely, totally, fully The pig danced totally alone.

19. Preposition • A PREPOSITION is a word that shows a relationship between a noun or a pronoun to other words in the sentence. 1. Location – where Ex: near, outside, in, on, under, inside The squirrel is near the tree. 2. Time – when Ex: until, during, after, before The squirrel climbed the tree before sunset.

20. Preposition 3. Direction – where something is going Ex: to, around, toward, through, past The squirrel ran toward the tree. 4. Provide details – gives more information Ex: by, with, of, from The squirrel collected acorns from the tree.

21. Prepositional Phrase • A prepositional phrase includes the preposition, the object of the preposition, and the modifiers of the object. I am atschool. I’m atthe bestschoolinFrisco.

22. Pronoun • A PRONOUN is a word used in place of a noun. Without pronouns: Jennifer said that Jennifer was going to give Jennifer’s cats Jennifer’s cats’ food. With pronouns: Jennifer said that she was going to give her cats their food.

23. Pronoun It may be: • A personal pronoun I, you, he, she, it, me, we, they, him, her, us, them I am the lion tamer, and you are just the lion. Dad told me to give him the cake. • A possessive pronoun my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs Her sandwich is much thicker than his.

24. Pronoun • A reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself, herself You’ll have to ask yourself what you really want to do. • An indefinite pronoun: many, all, both, nothing, anything, few, several Many bought tickets to the show, but few actually came.

25. Resources • Checking Your Grammar by Marvin Terban (A Scholastic Guide)