The American Revolution

1. The American Revolution

2. April 1775: Battle of Lexington and Concord • First battle of the American revolution between _____________forces and _____________ _____________ • Paul Revere’s Ride “__________________________” • Concord was a victory for the colonist-“ The Shot heard round the World” • Lexington was a win for the _____________ British Colonial Minute Men The British are Coming British

3. May 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia • 13 out of the Thirteen colonies met: the president of the Congress was _____________ • Selected ___________________to be head of the continental Army • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwWi0zdF7wk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active John Hancock George Washington

4. June 1775: Battle of Bunker Hill Breeds Hill • Actually called ________________________ • Frontal attack by the British; ___________________________________of the War • Continental Army was _____________ until they ran out of gun powder Bloodiest day of the War winning

5. July 1775 Olive Branch Petition • Last attempt by colonist to restore _____________ with Britain • King George Rejected the Petition and asked Parliament to order a naval blockade Peace

6. 1775 King of England responds to loss of men • Hired thousands of German troops called _____________ to help crush the rebellious colonist • Shock to the colonials- felt this was a “_____________” • http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/videos#american-revolution Hessians Family War

7. December 1775: failed invasion of Canada • General Montgomery pushed north to capture Quebec and met with General ________ __________________and what was left of his troops. • Launch on _________ failed • Montgomery died and Arnold was wounded in the leg Benedict Arnold Quebec

8. January 1776: Paine’s Common Sense • Inspiring piece of literature • Called the King “ the Royal Brute of Great Britain” • Asked the questions “___________________” • America has a sacred mission to set herself up as an independent, democratic republic • Made people see that we could not hope for aid from _____________ if we remained loyal to Britain What Good is a King France

9. July 1776: Declaration of Independence • July 2, 1776 – Congress agreed to pass Richard Henry Lee’s (Va.) statement that the United colonies should be free and independent state. • Needed a written statement- assigned a committee to do this • Thomas Jefferson wrote the statement • Statement was signed on July 4, 1776 • Ideas on what to write came from: • Enlightenment philosopher: John Locke • Author of Common Sense: Thomas Paine

10. 1776: Choosing sides: supported • Patriots or Whigs _____________ the war of independence because: • Loyalists or Tories fought for the crown____ of the population stayed loyal 20%

11. Summer and fall 1776: British Victories • Captured Quebec, burned Norfolk, took control of Boston; • The British were settings sights on New York • Sent 5 ships with _____________men ( largest armed force seen until the Civil War) • Washington with his _____________men fought and lost; retreated back to New Jersey with the British at his heels • Military factor to colonial win: George Washington avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army and his leadership kept his army together when defeat and hard times prevailed. • British commander Howe did not want a winter campaign with supplies at low number so he set up camp 35,000 18,000

12. August 1776: Defeat in New York Admiral Howe General Howe • ____________________ and ______________________ ( Brothers) sailed into New York harbor with 32,000 men including _________________________________ • Washington rallied 23,00 Americans – ________________ and had poor equipment • Americans were forced to retreat, and were pushed into PA • Many of Washington men had either _________________________________, so he was down to less than _________ men Hessian Mercenaries Untrained Deserted or been killed 8,000

13. Dec 25, 1776: Battle at Trenton: • Date December 26,1776 • Washington and men crossed the _______________ • Attack was a surprise • Captured Hessians sleeping off _____________ _____________ • In retreat, Washington then inflicted a sharp defeat on small British group at Princeton • *** revealed Washington or “_____________” at his military best Delaware River Christmas Celebration Old Fox

14. Spring 1777- Philadelphia • General Howe hoped to take the ___________ • The ________________________________ fled the city, • Washington attempts to block the British advances were_________________________ Capital City Second Continental Congress Unsuccessful

15. October 1777 Battle of Saratoga: • British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command to American General Gates • *** victory revived colonial cause • *** this win helped to persuade the French to enter into the war

16. Winter of 1777-1778 Valley Forge: Philadelphia • Location outside of _____________ • Stayed _____________ there • Men suffered from _____________and _____________ • Still Continental Army was whipped into shaped by Prussian drillmaster _____________ winter Frost bite hunger Frederich von Stuben

17. 1778: Formation of the French-American alliance Valuable • Colonies was Britain’s most ___________ possession and if France could help them gain freedom, then France could get revenge for the loss in the French/Indian war and could regain the rank as ________________________________ • France has been helping since Lexington loss – 90% of gunpowder used in war had come from France • King Louis XVI and France scared to openly declare war but feared to wait too long – might end up fighting Britain and its colonies if they lose A world power

18. Treaty of Alliance • ________________________________was made between France and Ben Franklin, representative sent from the colonies to persuade entering the war – diplomatic factor leading to colonial victory • French support threw the British: could not count on commanding the coast due to French fleet in waters

19. 1778-1779: Clark’s victories in the west: • America at its darkest: congress going Bankrupt, munity over back pay, disunion among the states • British General Cornwallis had fallen back to Chesapeake Bay at ________________________________ waiting for supplies and reinforcements • Did not know Britain had lost control of the seas • General Washington marched from New York to Yorktown along with French while French blockaded ________________________________ in the sea • Cornwallis was cornered and surrendered 7,000 men while his band played “The world turned upside down” Yorktown Yorktown

20. October 19, 1781 • Date ________________________________– Last battle of American Revolution • Triumph was French and American • Lord North cried it was not over and fighting continued for over one year in Yorktown but did no good • Military factor leading to colonial win: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Americans benefited from presence of French army and navy at Battle of Yorktown

21. 1783: Treaty of Paris: • America sent three peace negotiators to Paris: • Ben Franklin • John Adams • John Jay • Instructions from congress to make no separate peace and consult with French allies throughout the negotiations • France had influenced ___________ to enter into war and made them promises they can’t keep Spain

22. France wanted independence for America but wanted to keep it weak so they could promote French policy – paid heavy price in men and money for this win • John Jay started making secret negotiations with ________________________________ London, England

23. Treaty signed said: • U.S granted independence from Britain • U.S. will not punish loyalists • Established boundaries of the US and British territory • Release of Prisoners of War • Granted the US and Britain access to the Mississippi River • Gave the US Fishing rights in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and in the Great Banks

24. **** Britain wanted peace agreement to be as alluring as possible so it could pull America away from its French alliance • Problems with the treaty: • British debt owed by the colonists can be collected • Did not set a date for when the British must leave

25. New boundaries for the United States of America are : • West: Mississippi River • East: Atlantic Ocean • North: Canada • South: Florida