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Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating Systems. Definition. Extended Machine Abstractions. OS. ISA. Bare Machine. Definition. Resource Manager Bottom-up View. HW. S W. Processors. Memory. Files. +. Network. I/O. Progs in exe. History. The Generations First, 1945-55 Second, 1955-65

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Introduction to Operating Systems

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  1. Introduction to Operating Systems

  2. Definition • Extended Machine • Abstractions OS ISA Bare Machine

  3. Definition • Resource Manager • Bottom-up View HW SW Processors Memory Files + Network I/O Progs in exe

  4. History • The Generations • First, 1945-55 • Second, 1955-65 • Third, 1965-80 • Fourth, 1980-present

  5. Types of Operating Systems • Mainframe • Personal Computer • Multiprocessor • Server • Real-Time • Embedded • Hand-Held Devices

  6. Computer Hardware • Processors • Memory • I/O Devices • Buses

  7. Processors • Instruction Set • General purpose • Special purpose • Operating Modes • System mode • User mode • Registers • Special • Program Counter, Stack Pointer, PSW • General

  8. Memory • Memory Hierarchy • Main/Primary Memory • Size • How addressed • Partitions • Protection • Secondary Memory • Disks • Tapes

  9. I/O Devices • Master-Slave relationship • Controllers • Device Drivers • Actual Devices • Commands • Shareable, Not shareable • Virtualization

  10. I/O Devices • Interrupts • Concurrency • Indeterminate behavior • Change of state • Interrupt types and codes • Interrupt handlers • Polling • Periodic • Event driven

  11. Buses • Interconnection Network • Standards and Protocols • Synchronous vs Asynchronous • Contention vs Non-contention

  12. Operating System Concepts • Processes • Deadlocks • Memory Management • Input/Output • Files • Security • The Shell

  13. Processes • A Program in Execution • Address Space • Process Table • Inter-process Communication • Resource Sharing • Deadlocks P2 P1 P0

  14. Memory Management • Main Memory • Size, Addressing • Physical Memory • Partitions • Protection • Virtual Memory • Pages • Protection

  15. Files • File System • Directories (Folders) • Descriptors • Operations

  16. Security • User Control • Access Control • Techniques

  17. System Calls • Why System Calls? • System Calls for • Process Management • File Management • Directory Management Process SystemCall Kernel SC-IH

  18. Operating System Structure • Monolithic • Layered • Virtual Machines • Client-Server

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