Phases of Matter

1. Phases of Matter • Solids are a phase of matter that have definite shape and volume • Liquids are a phase of matter that can change shape, but not change volume. • Gases are the only state of matter that can change shape and volume.

2. Chemical Properties & Chemical Changes • Chemical properties affect chemical changes • Chemical properties: flammability (catch fire) • Chemical change: silver tarnishing (rust)

3. Physical Properties of Matter • Density: how mass affects volume • Solubility: the ability of one material to dissolve in another • Volume: amount of space a material occupies • Mass: which is the amount of matter in an object

4. Particle Structure • Solids have a tightly compact particle structure • Liquids have a fluid particle structure that is farther apart than solids. • Gases have the most space between the particles than all of the other phases • A temperature increase=bringing the particles farther apart • A temperature decrease=decreasing the space

5. Signs of a Chemical Change • Adding of heat • Formation of precipitate • Formation of gas/oxidation bubbles

6. Law of Conservation of Mass • This law states that mass can never be destroyed because it changes form.

7. Signs of Physical Change • Melting • Boiling • Evaporating • Freezing

8. Sugar dissolved in Water • Example of a physical change • Sugar (solid) , water (liquid) • Sugar is soluble in water • Sugar and water have similar physical properties that allow them to physically change when they are mixed together.

9. Differences between Changes • Physical Change • Do not break atomic bonds • Ex: melting, freezing • Electron arrangement is the same and the substance have the SAME identity • Chemical Change • Do break atomic bonds (“glue”) • Ex: rust, burned • Electrons are rearranged to create a NEW substance