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Effective Communication: Types, Blocks, and Techniques

This chapter explores the different types of communication, such as verbal and nonverbal, and discusses the factors that can block effective communication. It also provides techniques to enhance communication and improve understanding between individuals.

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Effective Communication: Types, Blocks, and Techniques

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  1. Chapter 4 Communication

  2. Communication • An interaction between two or more persons • Communication process • Message: expression or thought • Sender: delivers message • Method: way message is sent • Receiver: interprets message • Feedback: response

  3. Types of Communication • Verbal—spoken or written words • Nonverbal—use of body language • Modes of nonverbal • Physical appearance and dress • Facial expression • Gestures • Eye contact • Tone of voice • Touch • Silence

  4. Personality Types • Passive or unassertive • Aggressive • Assertive

  5. Levels of Communication • Social • Therapeutic or purposeful

  6. Components of Therapeutic Communication • Listening • Warmth • Genuineness • Attentiveness • Empathy • Positive regard

  7. Functions of Therapeutic Communication • Create an understanding • Decrease anxiety • Provide information • Develop trust

  8. Phases of Therapeutic Communication • Orientation—learning about person, building trust • Working—exploring thoughts and feelings • Termination—ending the relationship

  9. Factors Affecting Communication • Congruence—agreement between verbal and nonverbal language • Time and setting—when and where communication takes place • Proxemics—space between individuals • Biases—prejudices or negative beliefs • Physical handicaps—difficulties with vision and or hearing

  10. Blocks to Communication • Belittling • Disagreeing • Agreeing • Defending • Stereotyping

  11. Blocks to Communication (continued) • False reassurance • Giving advice • Changing the subject • Closed-ended questions • Why questions • Probing

  12. Techniques to Enhance Communication • Giving information • Validating • Clarifying • Reflecting

  13. Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued) • Paraphrasing • Asking broad questions • Using general leads • Making an observation

  14. Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued) • Offering self • Focusing • Using humor

  15. Chapter Challenge • Give the name and an example of the two types of communication • A. • B. • Name three blocks to communication • A. • B. • C. • List three techniques to enhance communication • A. • B. • C.

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