1 / 26

Understanding Matter: States, Changes, and Behavior

Explore the Kinetic Molecular Theory, four states of matter, thermal expansion, phase changes, heating curves, and gas behavior. Learn about pressure, Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and more in this comprehensive guide.

gblack
Download Presentation

Understanding Matter: States, Changes, and Behavior

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. MATTER Ch. 9 - Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory Four States of Matter Thermal Expansion

  2. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory • KMT • Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter. • The kinetic energy (motion) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

  3. B. Four States of Matter • Solids • low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around • definite shape & volume • crystalline - repeating geometric pattern • amorphous - no pattern (e.g. glass, wax)

  4. B. Four States of Matter • Liquids • higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together • indefinite shape • definite volume

  5. B. Four States of Matter • Gases • high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container • indefinite shape & volume

  6. B. Four States of Matter • Plasma • very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) • gas-like, indefiniteshape & volume • stars, fluorescentlight bulbs, TV tubes

  7. C. Thermal Expansion • Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled. •  Temp causes  KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out. • EX: thermostats (bimetallic strip)

  8. MATTER Ch. 9 - Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State Phase Changes Heating Curves

  9. A. Phase Changes • Melting • solid to liquid • Freezing • liquid to solid melting point = freezing point

  10. A. Phase Changes • Vaporization (boiling) • liquid to gas at the boiling point • Evaporation • liquid to gas below the boiling point • Condensation • gas to liquid

  11. A. Phase Changes • Sublimation • solid to gas • EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

  12. A. Phase Changes

  13. B. Heating Curves • Kinetic Energy • motion of particles • related to temperature • Potential Energy • space between particles • related to phase changes

  14. Gas - KE  Boiling - PE  Liquid - KE  Melting - PE  Solid - KE  B. Heating Curves

  15. B. Heating Curves • Heat of Fusion • energy required to change from solid to liquid • some attractive forces are broken

  16. B. Heating Curves • Heat of Vaporization • energy required to change from liquid to gas • all attractive forces are broken • EX: steam burns, sweating, and… the drinking bird HEATING CURVE

  17. MATTER Ch. 9 - Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Behavior of Gases Pressure Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law

  18. A. Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?

  19. A. Pressure • Key Units at Sea Level 101.325 kPa (kilopascal) 1 atm 760 mm Hg 14.7 psi

  20. Atmospheric Pressure Contained Pressure Manometer Barometer A. Pressure

  21. A. Pressure • Effect on Boiling Point • When atmospheric pressure increases, the boiling point of a liquid increases. • EX: high altitude cooking, boiling cold water

  22. P V B. Boyle’s Law • When the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure increases (at constant temp). PV = k INVERSE

  23. B. Boyle’s Law

  24. V T C. Charles’ Law • When the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases (at constant pressure). DIRECT

  25. C. Charles’ Law

  26. C. Charles’ Law • Absolute Zero - Temp at which... • the volume of a gas would equal zero. • all particle motion would stop. -273°C or 0 K

More Related