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Rome & Byzantine Empires

Rome & Byzantine Empires. Geography – Rome at it ’ s Height. Geography. Geography Constantinople. Connects Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea Better Trade Close to Asia Minor Close to Europe Close to North Africa Easier to defend Wall surround city Surrounded by water Moat. Religion.

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Rome & Byzantine Empires

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  1. Rome & Byzantine Empires

  2. Geography – Rome at it’s Height

  3. Geography

  4. GeographyConstantinople Connects Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea Better Trade Close to Asia Minor Close to Europe Close to North Africa Easier to defend Wall surround city Surrounded by water Moat

  5. Religion • One reason that the early Christian church survived was because of its organization. • Local leaders were Bishops • Bishops later controlled churches in certain areas

  6. Religion Bishops get authority based on Apostolic Succession

  7. Religion The Bishops of the five largest cities were called Patriarchs.

  8. Religion • Why did the Bishop of Rome think he should be the leader of the church?

  9. Religion –

  10. Religion • Everyone believed that … • Jesus was the son of God • Jesus was the savior

  11. Religion • What was the Great Schism or split?

  12. Religion Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Icons are a form of idol worship Head of the Church is the Emperor Leader of the Church is the Patriarch of Constantinople (day to day operations) Priests can marry Rituals and ceremonies in Greek • Icons bring you closer to God • Head of church is the Pope • Leader of the church is the Pope (day to day operations) • Priests can’t marry • Rituals and ceremonies in Latin

  13. Achievements Rome Roads Move army around Spread culture Connect the empire

  14. Achievements Aqueducts Get water to cities Fountains Public Baths Everyday use

  15. Achievements - Rome Concrete Coliseum

  16. Achievements Bath Circus

  17. AchievementsByzantine Justinian’s Code Organized and preserved Roman law Foundation for modern legal systems

  18. AchievementsByzantine Hagia Sophia Dome 185 feet tall Still standing

  19. AchievementsByzantine Mosaic A form of art where designs are made with small stones or glass

  20. Achievements Cyril & Methodius Brothers who gave up wealth to spread their religion in Eastern Europe Cyril created Cyrillic alphabet so Slavs could have a written language & a Bible Considered Apostles to the Slavs

  21. Politics Julius Caesar Was a famous war hero Started a revolution when he marched with his troops into Rome Restored order to Rome Made dictator for life Some (senators ) feared he was too ambitious or getting too powerful & assassinated him

  22. Politics Caesar Augustus Adopted son of Julius Caesar Massive building projects – restore pride in Rome Expanded Rome Started the Pax Romana

  23. Politics Nerva Adopt next leader Trajan Lead Rome at height/roads & bridges to connect

  24. Politics Hadrian Wall & defense Marcus Aurelius Philosopher

  25. Politics Constantine Converted to Christianity Made Christianity legal Moved capital to Constantinople Wanted Constantinople to resemble Rome – start building projects

  26. Politics Justinian Worked his way up through army Dream to restore Rome to the way it was – came close Had lawyers organize Roman law – Justinian’s code – basis for some legal systems today Had the Hagia Sophia built Married to Theodora – smart and a performer

  27. Economy Expansion – Initially Strengthened Brought in riches Massive building projects Encouraged & necessitated inventions Aqueducts Concrete roads Spread culture

  28. Economy Expansion - Eventually Weakened the Economy Expansion slowed down – no new riches Raise taxes to pay for army Slaves take jobs of working class – struggle to support family Constant wars damaged farms & trade Rich leave for country homes

  29. Economy Constantinople Strong trade Had good harbors Close to Asia Minor and Europe

  30. Rise of the Empires Rome Byzantine Expansion Justinian restore Rome to glory Cyril & Methodius Strong leaders Constantine Justinian Strong trade/Economy Close to Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa Achievements/Inventions Haygia Sophia Justinian Code Mosaics Strong Army • Expansion • Strong leaders • Julius Caesar • Cesar Augustus • 5 Good Emperors • Strong trade/Economy • Achievements/Inventions • Roads • Aqueducts • Romans in the army are proud

  31. Effects of Expansion in Rome Beginning Later When expansion slowed down, they didn’t have the huge increase of riches Romans didn’t want to serve so the Emperor had to rely on foreigners to fight Foreigners not motivated to fight Had to raise taxes to pay for the army to defend the Empire • Increased trade & brought in riches

  32. Fall of Empires Rome Byzantine Weak leaders Weak army Constant attacks from enemies Finally broke through defenses (walls) Use of gunpowder for weapons like cannons • Rich get richer and poor get poorer • Weak leaders • Weak army • Weak economy • Constant war • No increased trade or riches • Loss of pride in being a Roman • People turned to the latifundia for food and water

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