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Earth’s Interior

Explore the inside of the Earth, including its layers and evidence of continental drift. Learn about the temperature, pressure, and composition of the Earth's crust, mantle, and core. Understand the different types of heat transfer and convection currents in the Earth's mantle. Discover the evidence supporting Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and the rejection of his hypothesis.

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Earth’s Interior

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  1. Earth’s Interior Chapter 1 – Section 1

  2. A. Exploring inside the Earth • Direct evidence • Rock samples • Indirect evidence • Seismic waves

  3. B. Journey to the Center of Earth • Temperature • Increases with depth (after 20 meters) • Results from- • formation of the earth • decay of radioactive materials • Pressure • Increases with depth • Results from weight of rocks above

  4. C. The Crust • The skin of the earth • Oceanic • Thin • Dense • Rock - basalt • Continental • Thick • Less dense • Rock - granite

  5. D. Mantle • Layer of hot solidrock • Lithosphere • Upper mantle and crust • Asthenosphere • Softer part of mantle • Bends/flows like plastic • Lower Mantle • Solid • Extends to core

  6. E. The Core • Made of iron and nickel • Outer Core • Molten (liquid) metal • Cause of Earth’s magnetic field • Inner Core • Solid metal

  7. Answer in your Notebook • Questions 1-3 on page 13 AND Questions 1-4 on page 12 • Use complete sentences when answering the questions. • Be sure to indicate what page number your questions are from in your notebook.

  8. Convection and the Mantle Chapter 1 – Section 2

  9. A. Types of Heat Transfer • Radiation • Transfer of energy through space • No direct contact • Sunlight , fire

  10. Conduction • Heat transfer within a material or between materials • Some of the heat transfer within the earth

  11. Convection • Heat transfer by the movement of fluids • Caused by the differences of temperature and density of a fluid • Hotter = particles farther apart = less dense • Colder = particles closer together = more dense

  12. B. Convection Currents • Flow that transfers heat within a fluid

  13. C. Convection Currents in Earth • Heat from core and mantle cause convection currents within the mantle • Very Slowly within the solid mantle Mantle simulation

  14. Answer in your Notebook • Questions 1-3 on page 17 • Use complete sentences for all questions! • Be sure to indicate what page number your questions are from in your notebook.

  15. Drifting Continents Chapter 1 – Section 3

  16. A. Continental Drift • Alfred Wegener – 1910 • Studied land features, fossils, and evidence of climate change • Continental drift - all continents were once together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart • Pangaea – “all lands” • 300 million years ago

  17. B. Evidence for Continental Drift • Land Features • Mountain ranges • Coal fields • Fossils • Similar organisms found on continents separated by oceans • Glossopteris – Fernlike plant • Mesosaurus and Lystrosaurus – freshwater reptile

  18. Climate • Fossils of organisms from warmer climates support movement of continents • Equator = warm climate • Poles = colder climate • Evidence of glaciers indicate colder climate

  19. C. Wegener’s Hypothesis Rejected • Idea rejected because he could not identify the cause of continental drift • Continued his work and died in 1930 exploring Greenland’s glacier

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