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Studies on Social Protection and Social Inclusion in the Western Balkans

Studies on Social Protection and Social Inclusion in the Western Balkans. Walter Wolf, European Commission, DG E MPL and Paul Stubbs, the Institute of Economics, Zagreb ETF 3rd Regional Experts Meeting Turin, Italy 13-14 November 2008. Background. Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC)

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Studies on Social Protection and Social Inclusion in the Western Balkans

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  1. Studies onSocial Protection and Social Inclusion in the Western Balkans Walter Wolf, European Commission,DG EMPL and Paul Stubbs, the Institute of Economics, Zagreb ETF 3rd Regional Experts Meeting Turin, Italy 13-14 November 2008

  2. Background • Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC) • 2006 Social Inclusion Objectives • JIM Process for Candidate Countries and Independent SPSI reports: Turkey; Croatia; former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia • 2008 SPSI reports on Pre-Candidate Countries: Albania; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo under UNSC 1244; Synthesis Report

  3. The 2006 Social Inclusion Objectives Making a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty and social exclusion by ensuring: • access for all to the resources, rights and services needed for participation in society, addressing exclusion, and fighting all forms of discrimination • the active social inclusion of all, both by promoting participation in the labour market and by fighting poverty and exclusion • that social inclusion policies are well coordinated and involve all levels of government and relevant actors, including people experiencing poverty, that they are efficient and effective and mainstreamed into all relevant public policies

  4. Social protection expenditures, by function in % of GDP 2004 Source: ESSPROS

  5. Illustrative value of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold for a household with two adults and two childrenin Euro and in PPS, 2005 Disparities within EU27 Source: SILC (2005) - income year 2004 (income year 2005 for IE and the UK); except for BG and RO - estimates based on the (2005) national Household Budget Survey

  6. ‘Joint Inclusion Memoranda’ (JIM) Process • Aims at preparing Candidate Countries for their full participation in the Open Method of Coordination on social inclusion upon accession • Outlines the principal challenges in relation to tackling poverty and social exclusion • Presents the major policy measures taken in the light of the agreement to start translating the European Union's common objectives into national policies • Identifies the key policy issues for monitoring and further review • Commits on follow-up process, in particular implementation.

  7. SPSI Studies Chapter 1: Economic, Financial and Demographic Background Chapter 2: The Social Protection System Chapter 3: Poverty and Social Exclusion Chapter 4: Pensions System Chapter 5: Health and Long-Term Care Systems Chapter 6: Conclusions and Key Challenges

  8. Report Logic EDUCATION AND LABOUR MARKET CONTEXT ECONOMIC, FISCAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT INPUTS OUTCOMES Social Protection system • INSTITUTIONS • POLICIES • STRATEGIES • POVERTY • SOCIAL EXCLUSION • VULNERABILITY • RISK Pensions system Health and long-term care systems SOCIAL INDICATORS EU SPSI OBJECTIVES

  9. Western Balkans Synthesis Report I - General • Knowledge and understanding of position of vulnerable ethnic groups still limited: definitions; statistics; census and survey data (LFS; HBS; LSMS; etc); ‘ethnic monitoring’; mainstreaming of reporting. • Specificities of ‘national minorities’; Roma; RDPs; smaller ‘other ethnic groups’ depend on context. • Little independent research (cf. UNDP, 2006); few studies of ‘livelihood/survival strategies’; rare to find ethnicity, gender and location treated together (age and disability?)

  10. Western Balkans Synthesis Report II – Education & Training • Education/training in context of multiple deprivations for vulnerable ethnic groups • Early childhood interventions crucial (e.g. pre-school enrolment) – pilot projects but low overall rates • Problems of segregated schooling (politicisation; right to first language) • Key moments of drop out from school system (support structures needed) • Transition from school to work problematic (cultural assumptions/stereotypes) • Opportunities for skills-building and re-training still limited • Specific programmes targeting employers but not scaled up

  11. Western Balkans Synthesis Report III – Key challenges • Coherence of sub-strategies feeding into 1 SI strategy/1 lead agency/1 M&E framework • Issues of horizontal and vertical co-ordination combine with questions of participation/representation/ownership • Lessons to be learnt from anti-discrimination laws and practice • Potentials of Area-based approaches • Complex links with migration/ return/ remittances/ informality • Scope for regional learning from good practice

  12. Thank-you for your attention SPSI Studies: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/spsi/enlargement_en.htm#studies walter.wolf@ec.europa.eu pstubbs@eizg.hr

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