Friday 9/6

1. Friday 9/6 Why do we study history?

2. We study history to: • Learn from the past (Its people and policies) •  To repeat (emulate) what worked • To not emulate (repeat) what failed It is interesting and fun!!!

3. Vocabulary #1 Historian-

4. Historian Defined …..Someone who provides an accurate account and assessment of a historical event.

5. How they provide this…..

6. Vocabulary #5 HISTORICAL THINKING

7. Historical Thinking Defined …….thinking like a historian How: -examine primary sources and secondary sources -use perspective of the people living from the period being studied (seeing the event through the eyes of the people who lived it)

8. Monday 9/9 • Quick Review of Friday….. • Why study history? • What is a historian? • How does one “historically think” about a past event?

9. Roles of a Historian…I Can #1 1. reporting and informing others of past events 2. record information of significant event happening in the present Ex.(9/11) 3. many hours spent on research 4. Interpret events…Ex. Ask, “what if it happened this way?” • -history is interpreted…it is not 100% accurate 5. analyze facts surrounding an event Ex. What caused the depression? (Politics, warfare, taxes, disease or uneducated citizenship)

10. Vocabulary #6 Primary Source

11. Primary Source Defined ….Sources that provide first hand knowledge or evidence about a topic under investigation. • Eyewitness to the event • Participated in the event

12. Examples of Primary Sources • Letters, Diaries, autobiographies, government documents, artifacts, visual materials, videos and music

13. Secondary Source- • Sources that analyze or interpret primary sources and are one or more steps removed from the event under investigation.

14. Examples of Secondary Sources • Textbooks, magazine articles or encyclopedias

15. Vocabulary #3 Perspective

16. Perspective Defined ….One’s outlook, view or feel about an event or idea. • What can influence one’s perspective? • What is your perspective about the future?

17. Tuesday 9/10 • Review of Monday • 5 roles of historians? • Primary sources? Secondary sources? • Perspective? What can influence one’s?

18. Vocabulary #2 • Archaeologist-

19. Archaeologist defined ….study and preservation of artifacts from the past to answer specific questions about history. -EX. pottery, coins, bones, weapons, clothing or writings -on location (digs, excavation) -use of aerial photography -preserve important architecture

20. Vocabulary #8 • Artifacts-

21. Artifacts defined …an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural and historic interest. -weapons, instruments, clothing, architecture -antiques -look at one’s garbage

22. Together, historians and archaeologists help explain events of the past from the perspective of those who lived when the events took place to avoid today’s norms and values.

23. Vocabulary #4 • Norms-

24. Typical social behaviors or beliefs that is expected of a group. • What are some norms in our society? • Do norms change? (Media’s role/TV)

25. Mothers should not work outside the home. • Leave tips for the waiter. • Wear clothing in public. • People should not smoke on television. • Chew food with your mouth closed. • Offer guests a drink or snack.

26. Vocabulary #4 Values-

27. Values defined • Ideas and beliefs we hold as special. Things that matter to us, a principal or standard held as important by a given society.  - What are some things we value in our society? • Do values change? Where are we in life?

28. What you value as a child may change as you grow older and there order tends to change. • Achievement becomes more important the older you get. • Attractiveness is more important in your young adult years.

29. Geography

30. Who are geographers?

31. They are scientists who study the earth, its features and where they are located or found on Earth.

32. Physical features-

33. Physical features are made by nature. These features are landforms such as: mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts etc…

34. Human features-

35. Human features are things that are human-made. Your home, school and church are examples…

36. Absolute location-

37. Absolute location uses an address or latitude and longitude to show where something is located. • It is specific! • WMS (41.1 degrees N Latitude and 81.5 degrees W Longitude) • Judy’s address is 164 Saratoga NW, Canton, OH 44708

38. Relative location-

39. Relative location describes location based on what is nearby. • I live by the Pro Football Hall of Fame • I live in Canton, Ohio • We live by the bowling alley

40. Wednesday 8-31-11 • Timelines

41. What do timelines show?

42. “The Western World” (Americas and Europe) • Based on Birth of Jesus/Christ • B.C. (Before Christ)/B.C.E. (Before Common Era) • A.D. (Anno Domini- Latin for “in the year of our Lord”) /C.E. (Common Era) • A.D. 1 Jesus’ birth year

43. Timelines can viewed like a number line in math, chronologically from earliest to latest event. B.C. years are like negative integers on a number line. The numbers get smaller as you go left to right and the closer to A.D. 1 you get. There is no year zero. You go from 1 B.C. to A.D. 1. A.D. years are like positive integers on a number line. They get larger as you go from left to right starting from A.D. 1.

44. See if you can create a timeline…

45. 551 B.C. Confucius is born • 476 A.D. Roman Empire ends • 264 B.C. Punic War begins • 624 A.D. Muhammad founds Islamic state in Arabia • 509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic • 44 B.C. Julius Caesar is killed • 34 A.D. Jesus is crucified • 146 B.C. Rome destroys Carthage

46. Key Points About Timelines • 1. Timelines are read from left to right or top to bottom. The earliest dates are furthest to the left or at the top of the page. • 2. When starting to construct a timeline start with the earliest date first and work your way to the right. • 3. Keep dates spaced proportionally. If there is a one inch space for events 50 years apart then make sure there is a two inch space for events 100 years apart, etc….

47. Thursday 9-1-11 • Multitier timelines

48. Timelines that show multiple sets of activities happening in parallel. • You might have a timeline of Ancient Greece looking at wars and leaders.

49. Setup • 1. Go through list of events and describe their relations. Look for at least two common themes. • 2. Assign name to each tier based on commonality. • 3. Be sure to list all events on both tiers chronologically.

50. See if you can create a multi tier timeline…. 431 B.C. Peloponnesian War 560 B.C. Peisistratus takes power 650 B.C. Tyrants overthrow nobles in city-states 461 B.C. Pericles leads Athens 594 B.C. Solon takes power 480 B.C. Persia invades Greece