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The C anad ian H ome F ront

The C anad ian H ome F ront. Shifting Ties . Why did Canada’s closest relationship shift from Britain to the US? Ogdensburg Agreement, 1940 Established the PJBD. War Time Production. Increased production required infrastructure developments and gave people jobs

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The C anad ian H ome F ront

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  1. TheCanadian Home Front

  2. Shifting Ties • Why did Canada’s closest relationship shift from Britain to the US? • Ogdensburg Agreement, 1940 • Established the PJBD

  3. War Time Production • Increased production required infrastructure developments and gave people jobs • Production and exports soared, bringing Canada out of the Great Depression • WLMK gave government strict control over the wartime economy, why? • Ensured that industrialists didn’t fix prices to increase profits

  4. C. D. Howe • Minister of Munitions and Supply • Built and maintained Canada’s wartime economy • Auto-industry produced jeeps and trucks • Railcar manufacturers produced tanks • Ensured government had control over industry • Resulted in civil service expansion: • 46 000 in 1939 to 116 000 in 1945

  5. Victory Bonds • Canadian government needed to raise money to finance infrastructure expansion • Bonds acted as a loan to the federal government from the populace • 11 million people raised $8.8 billion

  6. Wartime Prices and Trade Board • Controlled prices, prevented inflation, distributed resources • People had to use ration cards • Limited amount of goods people could buy • Meat, tea, sugar, gasoline, major appliances

  7. Conscription? • WLMK said conscription wouldn’t be imposed for OVERSEAS SERVICE • National Resources Mobilization Act, 1940 • Required men to register for military service IN CANADA, not overseas • By 1941, Nazi advances in Europe and War in Pacific renewed calls for conscription

  8. Conscription? • Plebiscite, April 1942 • “not necessarily conscription but conscription if necessary” • Canadians voted to release WLMK from his earlier promise • 79% Anglophones voted YES • 72% Francophones voted NO

  9. Conscription? • Order-in-Council, 1944 • Conscription announced • WLMK wished to send 16 000 troops overseas • Protests in Quebec • But, only 2463 reached front lines and 79 died by end of WWII • Conscription in WWII was much less divisive than in WWI

  10. Role of Women • Shortage of workers, so in 1941 young women were recruited • Urban: factory work, welders, machinists • Rural: ran farms • By 1943 all women were recruited

  11. Role of Women • Gave them new social positioning • Challenged gender stereotypes • Women no longer at home, but working in public spaces more • Gendered jobs less appealing (nursing, textiles, teaching)

  12. Role of Women • At the end of WWII, most women gave jobs back to returning soldiers • Some resisted, causing growth in women’s rights movement • “Canada’s Own Rosie” - CBC

  13. Japanese Internment • Racist attitudes flared up against Canadians of Japanese heritage • Reports of atrocities from POW camps • Fears of Japanese attack (Pearl Harbour) • BC Premier ordered all Japanese males between 18-45 to work camps in 1941 and relocated entire families

  14. Japanese Internment • WLMK invokes War Measures Act in 1942, ordering all people of Japanese decent to camps • 21 000 people relocated

  15. Human Rights Violation • Discrimination and racism • Public apology in 1988 • $21 000 to each evacuee still living

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