Lighting the Fire: Employee Motivation, Workforce Trends, and Labor Relations

1. Lighting the Fire:Employee Motivation, Workforce Trends, and Labor Relations Excellence in Business, 3e

2. Motivating Employees • Engagement • Morale Excellence in Business, 3e

3. What Is Motivation? • Needs • Actions • Outcomes Excellence in Business, 3e

4. Workforce Motivation • Monetary rewards • Fair treatment • Satisfying work • Work-life balance Excellence in Business, 3e

5. Theories of Motivation • Frederick W. Taylor • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory • Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z • Equity Theory • Expectancy Theory Excellence in Business, 3e

6. Frederick W. Taylor • Scientific management • Monetary rewards • Personal productivity Excellence in Business, 3e

7. Maslow’s Hierarchy • Self-actualization • Self-esteem needs • Social needs • Safety needs • Physiological needs Excellence in Business, 3e

8. Working conditions Pay and security Company policies Supervisors Interpersonal relations Achievement Recognition Responsibility Work itself Personal growth Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors Excellence in Business, 3e

9. Irresponsible Lack ambition Dislike work Avoid responsibility Motivated by extrinsic rewards Goal seeking Creative Like work Accept responsibility Motivated by intrinsic rewards McGregor’s Assumptions Theory X Employees Theory Y Employees Excellence in Business, 3e

10. Ouchi’s Theory Z • Long-term employment • Consensus-based decision making • Individual responsibility • Slow evaluation and promotion • Informal control and formal measures • Moderate career specialization • Holistic concern for the individual Excellence in Business, 3e

11. Equity Theory • Ratio comparison • Expected inputs • Expected outputs Excellence in Business, 3e

12. Expectancy Theory • Employee performance • Expectancy about performance • Expectancy about rewards • Attractiveness of rewards Excellence in Business, 3e

13. Workplace Motivation Strategies • Setting goals • Reinforcing behavior Excellence in Business, 3e

14. Management by Objectives • Setting goals • Planning action • Implementing goals • Reviewing performance Excellence in Business, 3e

15. Reinforcement Theory • Positive reinforcement • Obtain pleasant consequences • Negative reinforcement • Avoid unpleasant consequences Excellence in Business, 3e

16. Keeping Pace with Today’s Workforce • Staffing challenges • Demographic challenges • Alternative work arrangements Excellence in Business, 3e

17. Staffing Challenges • Workforce alignment • Employee loyalty • Employee workloads • Work-life balance Excellence in Business, 3e

18. Personal Goals Changing Markets Strategy Shifts Better Jobs Competition Information Systems Advances in Technology Temporary Retirement Production Systems Government Regulations Product Sales Permanent Retirement Aligning the Workforce and the Organization External Forces Internal Forces Employees Excellence in Business, 3e

19. Fostering Employee Loyalty • Manage effectively and ethically • Give employees a stake • Take care of employees • Work with employees Excellence in Business, 3e

20. Monitoring Employee Workloads • Employee burn-out • Long work hours • “Ghost work” • Communication technology Excellence in Business, 3e

21. Work-Life Balance • Job enrichment • Job redesign Excellence in Business, 3e

22. Demographic Challenges • Workforce diversity • Understanding • Embracing • Maximizing Excellence in Business, 3e

23. Workforce Diversity Issues • Immigration • Globalization • Age • Gender • Race • Religion Excellence in Business, 3e

24. Diversity Initiatives • Policies • Procedures • Training Excellence in Business, 3e

25. Quality of Work Life • Job enrichment • Reduces specialization • Expands responsibilities • Job redesign • Restructures work • Coordinates skills and jobs Excellence in Business, 3e

26. Demographic Challenges • Workforce diversity • Alternative work programs Excellence in Business, 3e

27. Diversity Issues • Globalization • Aging workforce • Gender equality • Sexual harassment Excellence in Business, 3e

28. Workplace Diversity Initiatives • Policies • Procedures • Training Excellence in Business, 3e

29. Alternative Work Arrangements • Flextime • Telecommuting • Job sharing • Flexible career paths Excellence in Business, 3e

30. Working With Labor Unions • Wages and benefits • Working conditions • Job security Excellence in Business, 3e

31. Collective Bargaining Process • Preparing to meet • Meeting • Reaching an agreement • Voting and ratification • Signing the agreement Excellence in Business, 3e

32. Resolving an Impasse • Mediation • Arbitration Excellence in Business, 3e

33. When Negotiations Break Down • Labor • Strike • Boycott • Publicity • Management • Strikebreakers • Lockouts • Injunctions Excellence in Business, 3e

34. Union Membership Today • Unions included 35% of the workforce in the 1950s • Unions include 13.5% of today’s workforce Excellence in Business, 3e

35. The Labor Movement Today • Health-care costs • International competition Excellence in Business, 3e