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CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING

CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING. RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONING. Instinctive drift : occurs when an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes Breland’s Miserly Raccoons. CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION.

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CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING

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  1. CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING

  2. RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONING • Instinctive drift: occurs when an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes • Breland’sMiserly Raccoons

  3. CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION • Conditioned only through the pairing of taste stimuli and stimuli inducing nausea • Shows that just any stimulus and just any response will not necessarily condition

  4. PREPAREDNESS • DEF: a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others • May influence instinctive drift, conditioned taste aversion, and phobias…

  5. PHOBIAS • Can be about anything • Martin Seligman: evolutionary forces programmed acquisition of certain fears

  6. EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING • Mechanisms of learning are similar across species • Adapted to environment • Used to increase survivability and sexual reproduction

  7. COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN CONDITIONING • Signal Relations: CS-UCS relations that influence whether a CS is a good signal • “Good” signal allows for accurate prediction of the UCS • Helped change view of conditioning from reflexive response to information processing

  8. RESPONSE-OUTCOME RELATIONS AND CONDITIONING • Organisms try to discover what leads to what (contingencies) in the world around them • Stimuli are signals that help minimize aversive experiences and maximize pleasant experiences

  9. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING DEF: occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models

  10. ALBERT BANDURA • Demonstrated both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning • We are conditioned by observing other’s conditioning

  11. BASIC PROCESSES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING • Attention: you must pay attention to another’s behavior and its consequences • Retention: you must store a mental representation of what you witnessed • Reproduction: enact a modeled response; depends on ability • Motivation: must be motivated to enact the modeled response

  12. Acquisition vs. performance • We have many acquired learned responses • We choose which will be reinforced • Reinforcement influences performance, not learning necessarily

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