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Hinduism

Hinduism. The Rise of Modern Religion in the Indus River Valley. India Before Hinduism. Indus River Valley Civilization 2500 and 1500 B.C 2 cities: Harappa and Mohenjo- daro Orderly plans of the cities Prototypical symbols and figurines. Decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization.

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism The Rise of Modern Religion in the Indus River Valley

  2. India Before Hinduism • Indus River Valley Civilization • 2500 and 1500 B.C • 2 cities: Harappa and Mohenjo- daro • Orderly plans of the cities • Prototypical symbols and figurines

  3. Decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization • Decline b/w 1750 B.C and 1500 B.C • Causes: floods, internal disputes and invasion by Aryans (where have you seen this before?) • Aryans conquered the cities of the IRV civilization • Assimilation between Aryans and people of IRV • Dasu and distaste for IRV practices

  4. Creation of the Indian Caste System • Caste system called varna meaning “color” • Aryan’s caste system before invasion • priest, warrior and merchant • After invasion, Indian society was separated into 4 basic castes: • Brahmin: priest • Ksatriya: warrior • Vaisya: merchant • Sudra: servant • Dalit: “Untouchables” • Thousands of jati

  5. The Indian Caste System

  6. Religious Texts of Hinduism • The Vedas written b/w 1200 and 800 B.C.E (oldest literature) • Collection of chanted hymns and ceremonial formulae • Includes Brahmans and Upanishads texts as part of the Sruti (hearing”) tradition • 4 Vedas: Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva. • Rig outlines ceremonies most crucial in restoring rta or “Vedic cosmic order” & ensuring the existance of the world for another year

  7. Gods of Hinduism • Hinduism is monotheistic • Multiple gods are considered avatars or “forms” of Ultimate Reality/ Truth • Forms of Ultimate Reality: • Brahma: creator of the world • Vishnu/ Krishnu:"All-Pervading," protector of world and restorer of moral order (dharma) • Shiva: the destroyer • Devi: Divine Female, known as the Mother Goddess. • What role do local gods play in the community?

  8. Karma • Karma means “actions” or “deeds” • Refers to intentional (moral) actions that affect one's fortunes in this life and the next- a system of cause and effect • Good versus bad karma (bad karma is what we typically think of) • Good Karma from good actions • Bad Karma from bad actions • Bad Karma binds a person’s soul to the cycle of rebirth  determines class, disposition and character

  9. Brahman • Goal: To reach Ultimate Reality • Ultimate Reality called Brahman • Brahman is “the eternal, conscious, irreducible, infinite, omnipresent, spiritual source of the universe of finiteness and change.”- Upanishads • Job of good karma

  10. Literature of India and Hinduism • Bhagavad- Gita: Chapter 3 • The Bhagavad- Gita (Mahabharata) is the longest written epic that has been found • 90,000 verses • Believed to be finished 7th and 6th centuries B.C.E. • Considered to be a song that outlines the importance of ceremonies in the form of stories • Chapter 3 is about the importance of karma yoga or karma in order to bind or release self from world

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