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Bacteria

Bacteria. Characteristics . Prokaryotic: no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Cell contains “nucleoid” (DNA region), cytoplasm, a cell wall, and ribosomes Tiniest of living single cells. Four Groups: Eubacteria – “ true bacteria ” Cyanobacteria – blue-green bacteria

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria

  2. Characteristics • Prokaryotic: no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles • Cell contains “nucleoid” (DNA region), cytoplasm, a cell wall, and ribosomes • Tiniest of living single cells

  3. Four Groups: • Eubacteria – “true bacteria” • Cyanobacteria – blue-green bacteria • Archaebacteria – recent findings • Prochlorobacteria – contain chlorophyll a & b (very similar to chloroplasts)

  4. Now... • Categorized into two kingdoms: I. Kingdom Archaebacteria II. Kingdom Eubacteria

  5. I. Kingdom Archaebacteria

  6. Archaebacteria • Oldest of all organisms on earth • Hypothesized to be the ancestors to all of life’s kingdoms • Can inhabit Earth’s most inhospitable regions • Can thrive in very hot, very acidic and very salty conditions – conditions that scientists think that existed on Earth billions of years ago.

  7. They get their own kingdom because... • The chemical properties of their cell wall and membrane are different from Eubacteria • Out of 1700 genes more than 50% are different than Eubacteria

  8. 3 main phyla of archaebacteria • Anaerobic methanogens – mainly live in the gut of animals, or at the bottom of marshes – how all of the methane gas is produced on earth.

  9. 3 main phyla of archaebacteria b) Halophiles– “salt-loving” bacteria living in extreme salty conditions, such as the Dead Sea Salt crystals

  10. 3 main phyla of archaebacteria c) Thermophiles– bacteria that can tolerate very hot temperatures, and acidic conditions – these bacteria inhabit naturally forming hot springs

  11. II. Kingdom Eubacteria

  12. ‘Eu’ = trueeubacteria = true bacteria

  13. Outer surface: • Cell wall - made up of complex carbohydrates, for protection • Cell membrane • Flagella - for transportation and locomotion

  14. Eubacteria Colony Shapes • Coccus: round • Bacillus: rod • Sprillum: spiral

  15. Reproduction • Binary Fission: eubacteria make a copy of their DNA, increase their cell size, and split to produce an identical copy

  16. Reproduction • Conjugation: eubacteria can pair up with another cell and exchange DNA

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