Panel Theme: Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit – Optimising In-Service Systems

1. Panel Theme: Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit – Optimising In-Service Systems Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 1

2. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Panel Moderator: Kuldeep Gharatya - London Underground Challenge: How to optimise systems while they are in daily use by millions Panel Speakers: Larry Fawkner – UK, Cogitare Giles Thomas – UK, Network Rail Lori Colangelo – USA, NYCT Bruce Elliot – UK, Arbutus Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 2

3. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Train system and energy optimisation for metros Larry Fawkner@cogitare.biz Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 3

4. Contents • LU optimisation achievements • Reduced energy and costs • What is optimisation • How to optimise • Optimisation benefits • Optimisation applications Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 4

5. Victoria Line Upgrade Northumberland Park Depot • 16 stations • 23 km long • 180m Journeys p.a. • 18% Demand increase by 2025 Blackhorse Road WalthamstowCentral Seven Sisters Tottenham Hale Finsbury Park JNP Kings Cross Highbury &Islington SSL Euston JNP Warren Street Oxford Circus Performance improvements Increased Capacity to cope with rising demand • Peak hour capacity +19% • Overall capacity +35% • Improvement in JourneyTime Capability (JTC) +16% Green Park JNP Victoria Pimlico Vauxhall Stockwell JNP Brixton Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 5

6. Gains through Optimisation Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 6

7. Gains through Optimisation Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 7

8. The Secret to Optimisation • Typically 80% of life cycle costs are determined by the conceptual design • Develop an optimised conceptual design through whole life cost-benefit analysis supported by modelling and simulation Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 8

9. What is optimisation? • Maximising system whole life benefits to society (or revenues for private sector) relative to whole life costs including energy • Evaluation of system as a whole • Marriage of systems engineering with economics • Optimisation of trade-offs Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 9

10. Trade-offs to optimise What is the best combination? Costs Energy Tunnel Cooling Power Supply Trains Track Signalling & Control Service frequency Benefits Time Reliability Heat (dis-benefit) Comfort Ride Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 10

11. Systems Optimisation Process (SOP) Optimized ‘Conceptual Solution’ Options & Inputs Analysis Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 11

12. Optimisation benefits • Saves money and improves performance • Optimised public transport = cheaper and better = get people out of their cars • Resolves differences of opinion (“2 engineers, 2 points of view”) • The answer’s in the cash flow! • Justifies change • Helps contractual partnerships • Enables a “win win” outcome Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 12

13. Optimisation applications • Optimise system conceptual design • Trade off user requirements to determine what is best for Society / a company • Value management of supply chain • Use modelling and simulation process to • Determine scope and data for tenders • Compare supplier offers • Validation and Verification of delivery (payment to suppliers can be dependent on this!) Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 13

14. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Developing Thameslink rolling stock and infrastructure for operation at 24 trains per hour. giles.thomas@networkrail.co.uk

15. Eastbourne, etc Eastbourne, etc Eastbourne, etc Kings Lynn Kings Lynn Kings Lynn East Croydon East Croydon East Croydon 8 8 8 6 6 6 Brighton Brighton Brighton 4 4 4 Welwyn Welwyn Welwyn 12 12 12 4 4 4 London Brg London Brg London Brg Peterborough Peterborough Peterborough Dartford Dartford Dartford 10 10 10 St. Pancras TLK St. Pancras TLK St. Pancras TLK City TLK City TLK City TLK 6 6 6 18 18 18 24 24 24 14 14 14 Wimbledon Wimbledon Wimbledon Farringdon Farringdon Farringdon Blackfriars Blackfriars Blackfriars 12 12 12 2 2 2 Elpht & Cstle Elpht & Cstle Elpht & Cstle 6 6 6 St. Albans St. Albans St. Albans Bedford Bedford Bedford Guildford Guildford Guildford 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 Trains per hour in each direction Trains per hour in each direction Trains per hour in each direction Sevenoaks Sevenoaks Sevenoaks The Thameslink challenge Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 15

16. UK Railway System environment • Complex railway service delivery structure • Service specification, procurement and regulation. • Franchised Train Operators • Rolling Stock Leasing Companies • Infrastructure Manager • Wider • Customer focus – security, accessibility, … • Sustainability – weight, energy consumption… Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 16

17. Thameslink System vision • Low Carbon footprint • Vehicle gauge • Track friendly • Optimised for routes • High system reliability • ETCS • ATO • DOO • SDO • Optimised for dwell time • Accessible to all • Safe and secure • High capacity Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 17

18. Train Presentation at St Pancras (April, 2008) 20 15 No. of Trains 10 5 0 0.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 7.5 8.5 -2.5 -0.5 14.5 Arrival Lateness (mins) Thameslink System modelling 24tph Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 18

19. Status and future themes • Developed models • Traction and signalling performance • Reliability and timetable performance • Developing models • Dwell time management • Human factors • Future models • Less data hungry • Faster system level option development Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 19

20. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Optimizing System Requirements at New York City Transit (NYCT) Lori.Colangelo@parsons.com Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 20

21. In-service system • Operates 24 hours a day – 7 days a week • 656 Track Miles • 468 Stations • 26 Subway Lines • 6500 scheduled trains each weekday • Peak Service; 540 trains Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 21

22. Migration from Field Operation • Signal Modernization Program • Systematically upgrading existing rail lines • B Division controlled from the field Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 22

23. NYCT Rail Control Center Centralized operation A Division operated from the RCC Sustain an existing transit system while upgrading to a newer technology Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 23

24. Upgrade of B DivisionOperation • Tailored User Requirements Capture Process • Performed 76 User Interviews • Derived requirements based on Interviews • Established ownership of requirements • Talked to the end-user in their work environment • Observed Normal and Abnormal Operations Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 24

25. Benefits of Tailoring the Process • Buy-in by users; • Better understanding of agency needs • Automate processes • Justification for all Specification Requirements • Cost savings Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 25

26. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Systems Engineering on In-Service Systems Bruce Elliott bruce.elliott@arbutus-tc.co.uk Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 26

27. Motivation Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 27

28. Allies • The INCOSE UK Advisory Board recommended to the Chapter that it should address this issue • Bruce Elliott (Rail) and Stewart Leinster-Evans (Military Aerospace) facilitated a workshop at the UK Autumn Industry which concluded that: • Different sectors share a common view • The principles of SE remain applicable to the in-service phase but • There is a need for modified guidance for the particular problems of this phases • Bruce Elliott convened a UK working group to advise on: • The difficulties encountered in practice in applying authoritative guidance on SE to systems which are in service • Best current practice in adapting SE guidance to overcome these difficulties • Additional work that would assist further in overcoming these difficulties Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 28

29. Replace all switches and crossing within the blue lines To current standards Unless otherwise agreed All work to be completed within a 54 hour period This is a systems problem! A Rail Scenario Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 29

30. Process • Collect a set of typical in-service SE scenarios • See next slide • Create a simple map of SE • Across the W lifecycle • See slide after next • Review the INCOSE SE Handbook V3.1 to identify gaps between what is wanted and what is provided Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 30

31. Map of SE Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 31

32. “Domain Knowledge” Modifying Architectures Incremental Migration When to start a change Maintaining info through life CM Handover Gaps Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 32

33. Conclusions • The SE Handbook is a great place to start for in-service SE • But some tailoring in specific areas would optimise it for the in-service phase • Rail/transit would be a major beneficiary of such work • But not the only one • The UK In-Service SE Working Group intends to continue work in this area • Involvement from others is welcome Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 33

34. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Panel Moderator: Kuldeep Gharatya - London Underground Challenge: How to optimise systems while they are in daily use by millions Panel Speakers: Larry Fawkner >Train system and energy optimisation for metro Giles Thomas > Developing Thameslink….24tph Lori Colangelo > Optimising System Requirements at NYCT Bruce Elliot > Systems Engineering on In-Service Systems Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 34

35. Tailoring Systems Engineering to Transit - Optimising In-Service Systems Moderator’s Concluding Remarks • Greenfield sites are very rare. • This is a huge challenge in a multi-stakeholder environment. • Optimise before and during design. • INCOSE support area. Presented to the INCOSE 2008 Symposium page 35