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Fundamental niche

Realized niche. Fundamental niche. Character displacement in beak size in poulations of Galapagos finches. # prey predator kills; on predator efficiency = c, # prey, # predators. Efficiency of converting kills to new predators. Death rate of predators in absence of prey. # kills.

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Fundamental niche

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  1. Realized niche Fundamental niche

  2. Character displacement in beak size in poulations of Galapagos finches

  3. # prey predator kills; on predator efficiency = c, # prey, # predators

  4. Efficiency of converting kills to new predators Death rate of predators in absence of prey # kills

  5. Type I functional response Daphnia magna consuming yeast cells

  6. Type II Functional response Parasitoid that attacks cocoons of pine sawfly

  7. Type III functional response

  8. Cryptic coloration in the flounder, which is capable of changing their color and pattern rapidly to match bottom sediments.

  9. Cryptic coloration the walking stick, which feeds on leaves.

  10. Aposematism: Monarch Batesian mimicry: Viceroy Müllerian mimicry

  11. Effects of grazing by beetle (Gastrophysa viridula) on dock plant (Rumex crispus)

  12. Interaction between herbivory and pollution • N pollutants: decrease C:N ratio >> more palatable • Combined stress of herbivory and pollution may be synergistic

  13. Symbiosis • Close association between individuals of two or more species • Includes parasitism and mutualism • Parasitism: member of one species (parasite) feeds on, but usually doesn’t kill member of another species (host) • Mutualism: an interaction between individuals of two or more species in which the growth, growth rate, and/or population size are increased in reciprocal association

  14. 960 g alfalfa Methane, CO2 Volatile fatty acids: 57 g Microbial cells: 128 g Minerals: 43 g Rumen dry matter: 343 g • 4.7 L total volume • 20% volume = • microorganisms 369 g feces (50 g bacteria; 319 g food residue

  15. Rhizobia-legume mutualism

  16. Roots of Red Clover with Adhering Bacteria

  17. Spring Wheat Rhizosphere with Fungi and Bacteria.

  18. Paramecium/Chlorella symbiosis

  19. Cleaner-customer mutualism Indicator indicator:honeyguide Mutualism b/t bird and honey badger or humans

  20. Deep Sea Pompeii Worm Alvinella pompejana Close-up showing the bacteria-coated filaments that cover the body of this hydrothermal vent worm. � 2004 Peter Batson/Image Quest Marin

  21. Beltian body

  22. protoeukaryote Krebs cycle- containing bacterium promitochondrion spirochaete eukaryote cyanobacteria mitochondria flagellate chloroplasts

  23. Lokta-Volterra Mutualism??

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