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Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS)

Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS). Transit ITS. CEE582. APTS Products/Services. Service (Fleet) Management Customer Information Service Performance Monitoring Vehicle Performance Monitoring Incident Response Wireless Communications. CEE582. APTS Products/Services.

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Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS)

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  1. Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS) Transit ITS CEE582

  2. APTS Products/Services • Service (Fleet) Management • Customer Information • Service Performance Monitoring • Vehicle Performance Monitoring • Incident Response • Wireless Communications CEE582

  3. APTS Products/Services • Transit Signal Priority • Collision Avoidance • Fare Collection • Connection Protection • Demand-Response Routing and Scheduling Transit ITS Impacts Matrix http://web.mitretek.org/its/aptsmatrix.nsf CEE582

  4. Purpose of APTS • Technologies used to provide Products/Services that address Problems related to: • Efficiency • Reliability • Safety • Customer Satisfaction CEE582

  5. What would you change about transit service? CEE582

  6. Transit 101 • Fixed-Route Service (bus, rail) • Established routes and stop sequences • Scheduled “time points” • Public timetables • Block – what a vehicle does for the day • Block assignments change every day • Run – what a driver does for the day • Run assignments change 3 or 4 times per year CEE582

  7. Transit 101 Continued • Demand-Response Service (“Dial-a-Ride”, Paratransit) • ADA Requirement • Eligibility criteria • Limited service area • Usually reserve in advance • Daily driver manifest CEE582

  8. More Transit 101 • Flex-Route Service • Deviates from fixed route in response to demand • Fixed end points and scheduled times CEE582

  9. Sound Transit & KC Metro“Smart Bus” Video • Demonstration Project • Driver Display Unit • Automated Route/Destination Signs • Route/Destination Annunciation • “Next Stop” Display and Annunciation • Automatic Vehicle Monitoring CEE582

  10. “Smart Bus” Components • GPS Receiver • On-board Computer • On-board Network • On-board Database • Wireless Communication CEE582

  11. APTS Implementation Challenges • Lack of standards • Inadequate in-house expertise • Proprietary legacy systems • Change in way of doing things • Other priorities for scarce resources • Distrust of computer systems • Lack of strategic planning for use of technology • Poor documentation of demonstrated benefits CEE582

  12. CEE582

  13. APTS Building Blocks CEE582

  14. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) • APTS Product/Service – Fleet Management requires knowledge of: • Where a vehicle is • Where it is supposed to be • Requires identification of the vehicle matched with assigned block • CHOICE: Where is location processed? • On the bus • Central control CEE582

  15. AVL Technologies • GPS • Odometer/Signposts • Dead reckoning • Combinations of the above CEE582

  16. Global Positioning System (GPS) • Government-owned satellite constellation in geosynchronous orbit (need at least 3) • Allows position determination within several meters (most of the time) • Accuracy improved with differentiation • Moderately low cost and going down • Gives position whenever queried • “Urban canyon” errors CEE582

  17. Odometer/Signposts • Distance traveled on a planned route confirmed and corrected by beacon • Beacon broadcasts ID • Actual vehicle position only for signpost encounters • Excellent for arrival event information • Useless for temporary detours • Unreliable in emergency situations CEE582

  18. Dead Reckoning • Uses • Compass heading • Distance traveled • Map matching • Gyroscope • Accuracy a function of sensors / software • Need for periodic error correction CEE582

  19. Combination Systems • Common Groupings • Sign post + Dead reckoning • GPS + Dead reckoning • GPS + map matching • Increase accuracy CEE582

  20. Uses of Vehicle Location – On-board • Schedule adherence for drivers • On-board next stop displays and annunciation • Fare payment / revenue sharing • Location of passenger ons and offs • Automatically change destination signs Requires on-board scheduled service database CEE582

  21. Uses of Vehicle Location – Off-board • Transit vehicle priority • Service management, incident response, headway management • Security • Performance data for monitoring and planning Requires wireless communications (real-time and/or batch) CEE582

  22. CEE582

  23. Vehicle Location Communication • On-board • Vehicle Area Network (VAN) • Way-side (traffic signal) • Digital Short Range Communication (DSRC) • Control Center • Proprietary data radio, public wireless network CEE582

  24. AVL Selection Criteria • Where is the “intelligence” needed? • On the vehicle? • At the central? • Cost of communications needed CEE582

  25. AVL Implementation Issues • Big Brother • Move to proactive fleet management • Not really “plug and play” yet • Reliability of communication network CEE582

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