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Reproduction

Reproduction. Chapter 27. Reproduction. The creation of new individuals Exchange genetic material 2+ individuals Meiosis & gametes required. Reproduction System. Reproductive organs Reproductive tract Accessory glands & organs. Reproductive Organs. Gonads Testes & ovaries Function

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Reproduction

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  1. Reproduction Chapter 27

  2. Reproduction • The creation of new individuals • Exchange genetic material • 2+ individuals • Meiosis & gametes required

  3. Reproduction System • Reproductive organs • Reproductive tract • Accessory glands & organs

  4. Reproductive Organs • Gonads • Testes & ovaries • Function • Produce sex cells- Gametes • Produce hormones

  5. Gamete Production • Male • Testes • Spermatozoa (sperm) • ~100-300 million/ day • Production begins at puberty • Ends at death • Female • Ovaries • Oocyte (egg) • 1/ month • Production begins in embryo • Cell division arrested in meiosis • Division resumes at puberty • Ends at menopause

  6. Male Gonads

  7. Female Gonads

  8. Spermatozoa

  9. Oocyte

  10. Produce Hormones • Males • Testosterone • Females • Estrogen & progesterone

  11. Female Reproductive

  12. Female Reproductive • Gonads • Paired ovaries • Accessory glands • Mammary • Greater vestibular • Paraurethral • Reproductive tract • Oviduct • Aka Uterine tubes • Aka Fallopian tubes

  13. Ovaries • Gonads • Paired ovaries • Location • Walls of pelvic inlet • Lateral to uterus & posterior to fallopian tube • Function • Oogenesis- oocyte production • Begins in fetus • At birth 2 Million immature ova • Arrested at prophase I • Hormone production

  14. Ovary Structure • Follicular cells • Oocyte surrounded by supportive cells • Primary Follicle • Immature ova surrounded by follicular cells • ~400,000 immature follicles • Immature follicles are stimulated to complete meiosis • Stimulated by pituitary hormone • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Ovulation • Release of 1 mature oocyte • Graafian follicle

  15. Oogenesis

  16. Mature Follicle

  17. Oocyte Maturation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ovarianuterine.html

  18. Ovulation

  19. Hormone Production • Prior to ovulation • Follicular cells secrete estrogen • Following ovulation • Follicular cells continue to secrete estrogen & progesterone • Becomes hormone structure • Corpus luteum • “yellow body”

  20. Oviduct • Oviduct extends from ovaries to uterus • Ovaries are not directly connected to tube • Function • Draw ovulated oocyte into tube • Transports egg to uterus • Cilia • Smooth muscle • Site of fertilization

  21. Discontinuous Reproductive Tract Pelvic Inflammatory disease

  22. Oocyte Transport • Rhythmic smooth muscle contraction help move oocyte • Ciliated epithelial cells “brush” oocytes down duct • Distance- ~4-5 inches • Travel time 3-4 days

  23. Oviduct http://www.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/kpetti/Health101/Unit%203/ReproPics&Movies/Ovulation.mov

  24. Oviduct Structure • 3 anatomical regions • Infundibulum • Ampulla • Isthmus

  25. Infundibulum • “funnel” • Expanded region of tube closest to ovary • Surrounds ovary • Fimbrae • “fringe” finger-like extensions of infundibulum • Movements draw ovulated oocyte into tube

  26. Infundibulum

  27. Fimbriae

  28. Ampulla • “flask” • Intermediate portion • Site of fertilization

  29. Ampulla

  30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAgOk3-loUY&NR=1

  31. Isthmus • “narrowing” • Terminal segment • Drains into uterus

  32. Ectopic Pregnancy

  33. Tubal Ligation

  34. Uterus • Thick muscular chamber • Site of embryonic/ fetal development • Location- inferior pelvic cavity • Anterior to rectum • Posterior to bladder • Size 3” X 2”

  35. Uterus Structure • Four regions: • Fundus • Corpus • Isthmus • Cervix

  36. Fundus • Rounded region superior to entrance of oviduct

  37. Corpus • Aka body • Medial tapering region between fundus & cervix • Site of embryonic/ fetal development

  38. Isthmus • Narrowing inferior region of uterus

  39. Cervix • Inferior portion projecting into vaginal canal (0.5 in)

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