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ANEMIA IN MALARIA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES IN AFRICA

ANEMIA IN MALARIA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES IN AFRICA. THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM. There is epidemiological evidence that malaria causes anaemia. Anaemia in children 3m to 24m who are also at high risk of frequent malaria episodes Deteriorations of Hb concentration during malaria transmission

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ANEMIA IN MALARIA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES IN AFRICA

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  1. ANEMIA IN MALARIA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES IN AFRICA THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

  2. There is epidemiological evidence that malaria causes anaemia • Anaemia in children 3m to 24m who are also at high risk of frequent malaria episodes • Deteriorations of Hb concentration during malaria transmission • Improvement in Hb with antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and use of ITNs

  3. There are no specific clinical features or haematological indices that define malarial anemia

  4. Vicious cycle of interrelated factors that influence anaemia • MALARIA • ANAEMIA • MALNUTRITION impaired MALARIA IMMUNITY ? ?

  5. Anaemia status of children with adequate malaria case-management only

  6. Descriptive data from baseline and end surveys by age

  7. Severe anaemia • Was recorded in 7/46 children <24m despite optimal case management • These children had no negative slide (RR 0.3 (95% CI,0.09-1.0) • They had higher mean asymptomatic parasite density (2600//l Vs children without severe anemia (730/l :p=0.01) • Mean clinical Malaria incidence rate was 0.56/person-month Vs 0.29 p=0.01

  8. Hb concentration by age before and after five months of supplement (A) or placebo (B)

  9. Mean Hb concentration increased 10g/l in intervention group compared to 2g/l in the placebo group mean difference of 8g/l (95 CI 3-12) • regression analysis indicated that intervention with haematinic and SP treatment were highly significant dependent variables.

  10. Increase in haemoglobin

  11. Anaemia status at enrolment for a clinical trial- 2002

  12. THANK YOU • PROF.ZUL PREMJI

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