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Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound

Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound. I. Characteristics of Waves Waves Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Measuring waves. A. Waves. Waves rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Medium material through which a wave transfers energy solid, liquid, gas, or combination

geoffrey-stewart
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Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound

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  1. Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves • Waves • Transverse waves • Longitudinal waves • Measuring waves

  2. A. Waves • Waves • rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space • Medium • material through which a wave transfers energy • solid, liquid, gas, or combination • electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)

  3. A. Waves • Two Types: Longitudinal Transverse

  4. B. Transverse Waves • Transverse Waves • medium moves perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

  5. crests wavelength amplitude amplitude nodes wavelength troughs B. Transverse Waves • Wave Anatomy corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave

  6. C. Longitudinal Waves • Longitudinal Waves (a.k.a. compressional) • medium moves in the same direction as wave motion

  7. compression wavelength rarefaction wavelength C. Longitudinal Waves • Wave Anatomy Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy AMPLITUDE.

  8. 1 second D. Measuring Waves • Frequency( f ) • # of waves passing a point in 1 second • Hertz (Hz) • shorter wavelength  higher frequency  higher energy

  9. D. Measuring Waves • Velocity ( v ) • speed of a wave as it moves forward • depends on wave type and medium v = × f v: velocity (m/s) : wavelength (m) f: frequency (Hz)

  10. Sonic Boom: occurs when a jet flies faster than the speed of sound due to compressions waves that stack up until the molecules in the wave explode away from the source. http://youtu.be/gWGLAAYdbbc

  11. Doppler Effect As an ambulance comes toward you, the wavelengths are compressed in front of the ambulance (shorter wavelength leads to higher pitch). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sgo http://youtu.be/h4OnBYrbCjY

  12. Doppler Effect diagram

  13. Words associated with waves that you should know: http://youtu.be/mh3o8gUu4AE 15 minute video

  14. Standing Wave Occurs when there is continuous interference of equal but opposite amplitude. The wave appears to be standing still. http://youtu.be/RUpjYDteYcg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18BL7MKjtZM

  15. v f  D. Measuring Waves • EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz. WORK: v =  × f v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz) v= 1.92 m/s GIVEN: v = ?  = 3.2 m f = 0.60 Hz

  16. v f  D. Measuring Waves • EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of 417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency? WORK: f = v ÷  f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m) f= 12 Hz GIVEN:  = 417 m v = 5000 m/s f = ?

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