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What is their roll in the search for the QGP at RHIC ?

Roy A. Lacey. Elliptic Flow Correlations. What is their roll in the search for the QGP at RHIC ?. s. It is the ultimate, primordial form of QCD matter at high temperature or baryon number density. It was present during the first few microseconds of the Big Bang.

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What is their roll in the search for the QGP at RHIC ?

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  1. Roy A. Lacey Elliptic Flow Correlations What is their roll in the search for the QGP at RHIC ? s Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  2. It is the ultimate, primordial form of QCD matter at high temperature or baryon number density. • It was present during the first few microseconds of the Big Bang. • It provides an example of phase transitions which may occur at a variety of higher temperature scales in the early universe. • It can provide important insights on the origin of mass for matter, and how quarks are confined into hadrons. Gyulassy, Nucl. Phys. A750, 30-63, 2005 Prologue Four good reasons to study the QGP Why is the QGP Search Important ? The Fundamental value of the QGP is not in question ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  3. Ne W. Scheid, H. Muller, and W. Greiner, PRL 32, 741 (1974) H. Stöcker, J.A. Maruhn, and W. Greiner, PRL 44, 725 (1980) M.I. Sobel, P.J. Siemens, J.P. Bondorf, an H.A. Bethe, Nucl. Phys. A251, 502 (1975) G.F. Chapline, M.H. Johnson, E. Teller, and M.S. Weiss, PRD 8, 4302 (1973) E. Glass Gold et al. Annals of Physics 6, 1 (1959) Prologue Why are flow correlations important to the QGP Search ? They are predicted to provide unprecedented access to the properties of Nuclear matter The idea to use collective flow to Probe the properties of nuclear matter is long-standing Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  4. More Recent activity Scaling Predictions Hydro model calculations Conical Flow/Bow Waves P. Huovinen, P. Kolb, U. Heinz, P. Ruuskanen, & S. Voloshin hep-ph/0101136 Away side jet D. Teaney, E.V. Shuryak & J. Lauret Buda-Lund hydro M. Csańad, T. Csörg B. Lörstad nucl-th/0310040 nucl-th/0110037 Hirano nucl-th/0404039 J. Casalderrey-Solana, E.V. Shuryak & D. Tracy hep-ph/0411315 N. Borghini R.S. Bhalerao J.-P. Blaizot J.-Y. Ollitrault Transport nucl-th/0506045 Molnar Stöcker nucl-th/0406018 Muller, Ruppert Hep-ph/0503158 Coalescence B. Muller et al. nucl-th/0503003 Improved analysis techniques C. Ko et al (MPC). N. Borghini et al. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  5. “Barometric Sensor”: What information do Flow correlations provide? • Provides reliable estimates of pressure & pressure gradients • Can address questions related to thermalization • Gives insights on the transverse dynamics of the medium • Provides access to the properties of the medium - EOS, sound speed (cs ), viscosity, etc Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  6. bounce DATA (KAOS – Z. Phys. A355(1996); (E895) - PRL 83(1999) 1295 squeeze Prologue Low Energy: Squeeze-out High Energy In-plane Do we understand Flow correlations ? • Pressure Gradients Drive Transverse and Elliptic flow The expected transition Is observed Phys.Rev.Lett.83:1295,1999 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  7. Prologue Danielewicz, Lacey, Lynch Pre RHIC Lessons ? Good Constraints for the EOS achieved Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  8. Jet Function Correlation Function Remarkable Fact Azimuthal Correlations are derived from Harmonic and di-jet contributions In-plane Out-of-plane Harmonic Why is the correlation probe so compelling at RHIC ? Azimuthal Correlations Provide Two Direct routes to the Properties of the High Energy Density Matter Created at RHIC Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  9. PRL87, 052301 (2001) Extrapolation From ET Distributions peripheral collisions Central collisions time to thermalize the system (t0 ~ 0.2 - 1 fm/c) eBjorken~ 5 - 15 GeV/fm3 ~ 35 – 100 ε0 Phase Transition: Reminder High Energy density matter is created at RHIC! The Energy Density is Well Above the Predicted Value for the Phase Transition /crossover ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  10. Cu+Cu Preliminary 3-6%, Npart = 100 Cu+Cu Preliminary 3-6%, Npart = 96 Au+Au 35-40%,Npart = 98 Au+Au 35-40%, Npart = 99 Reminder High Energy density matter is created at RHIC! Unscaled dN/d very similar for Au+Au and Cu+Cu at same Npart The Energy Density is Well Above the Predicted Value for the Phase Transition in semi-central events ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  11. Reminder Statistical Model Comparisons of Particle Ratios Hadro-chemistry indicates a single Hadronization Temperature ~ 175 MeV Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  12. Extrapolation From ET Distributions Is Thermalization Achieved ? Pressure Flow Substantial Signals Attributable to Flow should be present ! Eg. Radial flow … long-range source Details depend on expansion dynamics and hadronization Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  13. note eBjorken~ 5 - 15 GeV/fm3 PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX (nucl-ex/0410012) The Fireball rapidly expands • u = H r • H0= (71 ± 7) km/sec/Mpc • H0= (2.3 ± 0.2)x10-18 sec-1 • HRHIC = <uT>/R  4x1022 sec-1 • HRHIC / H0  2 x 1040 Evidence for universality of Hubble Flow ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  14. Extrapolation From ET Distributions Large Pressure Gradients v2 Detailed integral and differential Measurements now available for Is Thermalization Rapid ? Self quenching Substantial elliptic flow signals should be present for a variety of particle species Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  15. 62.4 GeV (STAR ), nucl-ex/0409029 PHOBOS See Gang Wang’s Talk See S. Manly’s Talk PHENIX(open symbols): Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 182301 (2003) STAR preliminary See M. Oldenburg’s Talk Is Thermalization Rapid ? See H. Masui’s Talk Large Pressure Gradients are Generated Very Early ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  16. v2 sheet for mesons & Baryons V2 sheet for protons, kaons & pions Exquisite Features Due to Radial flow ? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  17. (Rapp) Is Thermalization Rapid ? Heavy quark Thermalization ? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  18. PHENIX preliminary Excitation function for differential v2 Apparent saturation of v2 for Possible indication for a soft EOS ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  19. Does the Flow follow ideal hydrodynamics ? Non-trivial issue for EOS, viscosity, etc Investigate Hydrodynamic Scaling Relations for the fine structure of v2 Fit Data Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  20. Buda Lund Hydro Model nucl-th/0310040 P ( WHY ? ) System size independence Fine Structure Scaling Note Universal Scaling prediction M. Csańad et al. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  21. Hydro Limit The shape of things to come Scaling Tests Eccentricity scaling Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  22. Scaling of azimuthal anisotropy - Mesons PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary • Scaling works over a broad range for charged hadrons and identified particles Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  23. Scaling of azimuthal anisotropy - system size PHENIX Preliminary Scaling of Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions indicate system size indipendece Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  24. Scaling PHENIX Data PHENIX Preliminary 5<Centrality<30 % • Unequivocal scaling at low values • scaling breaks ~ 1.8 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  25. Scaling of azimuthal anisotropy - hadrons Integral flow scaling observed across Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  26. Scaling of RHIC data • Demonstration of higher harmonic scaling Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  27. Scaling breaks Scaling of RHIC data • Demonstration of Comprehensive scaling at RHIC Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  28. STAR Preliminary 0-80% Is flow partonic ? Hadronic re-scattering does not support observed Phi flow ! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  29. After Harmonic Extinction: PHENIX Preliminary Mach cone PHENIX Preliminary Simulation Flow+Jet Data indicates apparent cone structure for away-side jet! Data: Three-Particle Correlations 10%<cent<20% Flow+Jet Jet only See Ajitanand’s talk Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  30. High Density Thermalized partonic material formed early y Hard Scattered Partons Traverse rapidly expanding partonic material  Jet-modification (early) & v2 x Epilogue Correlation measurements give compelling evidence for the production of strongly interacting high energy density partonic matter in RHIC collisions. sQGP Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  31. Initial Foray • Fits to the data can provide estimates of the properties of the produced matter Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  32. Extended Fine Structure scaling What about coalescence ? Bottom line is still partonic flow Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  33. nucl-th/0507063 Koch, Majumder, X.-N. Wang Cherenkov gluon radiation Wake effect or “sonic boom” • hep-ph/0411315 Casalderrey-Solana,Shuryak,Teaney • nucl-th/0406018 Stoecker • Hep-ph/0503158 Muller,Ruppert Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  34. PHENIX preliminary PHENIX preliminary How unique is this matter? CERES Results are strikingly similar for V2 decreases by ~ 50% from RHIC to SPS Significantly larger pressure (gradients) developed at RHIC Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  35. Initial Foray M. Csanad, T. Csorgo, B. Lorstad, Nucl.Phys.A742:80-94,2004.[NUCL-TH 0310040] and M. Csanad et al, private communication and work in preparation. • Fits to the data can provide estimates of the properties of the produced matter Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  36. v2 sheet for mesons PHENIX Preliminary No significant change in shape for meson (pi) v2 Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  37. bounce squeeze squeeze Measurements 400 MeV/A Au+Au (MUL 3) Recent activity • Strong experimental programs at: • GSI • SPS • RHIC/AGS Diogene, M. Demoulins et al., Phys. Lett. B241, 476 (1990) Plastic Ball, H.H. Gutbrod et al., Phys. Lett. B216, 267 (1989) Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  38. v2 sheet for baryons PHENIX Preliminary Note shape evolution for baryons Due to Radial flow ? Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  39. Buda Lund Hydro Model nucl-th/0310040 Fine Structure Scaling P ( WHY ? ) Note Universal Scaling prediction Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  40. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  41. Scaling Test with Hydro Scaling hydro P. Huovinen, P.F. Kolb .. Phys. Lett. B503:58 (2001) Straight forward scaling observed Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  42. Scaling of azimuthal anisotropy - baryons PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary • Scaling is less robust for baryons • This is due to shape changes of v2(pT) with centrality Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  43. Scaling of azimuthal anisotropy - baryons (II) PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary scaling more robust via centrality grouping Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  44. PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary PHOBOS scaling more robust via centrality grouping Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  45. Fine structure nucl-ex/0409033 More Fine Structure Scaling Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

  46. Extended Fine Structure scaling PHENIX Preliminary 5<Centrality<30 % All Flow Data Now Understood Universal scaling prediction! Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook, Quark Matter, Budapest, 2005

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