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Multimedia Elements Sound, Animation, and Video

Multimedia Elements Sound, Animation, and Video. Week - 8. Sound. Analog wave patterns – these wave patterns have two attributes Volume – the height of each peak in the sound wave

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Multimedia Elements Sound, Animation, and Video

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  1. Multimedia ElementsSound, Animation, and Video Week - 8

  2. Sound • Analog wave patterns – these wave patterns have two attributes • Volume – the height of each peak in the sound wave • Frequency – (sometimes referred to as pitch) the distance between the peaks. The greater the distance, the lower the sound. Image: scanned from Multimedia Concepts – James Schuman

  3. Sampling • To include sound in a multimedia application, the sound waves must be converted from analog to digital form • This conversion is called sampling – every fraction of a second a sample the of sound is recorded in digital bits

  4. Sampling • Two factors affect the quality of digitized sound • Sample rate – the number of times the sample is taken • Most common sampling rates are: 11.025, 22.05, and 44.1 kHz • Sample size – the amount of information stored about the sample • Most common sampling sizes are: 8 and 16 bit

  5. Sampling Image: scanned from Multimedia Concepts – James Schuman

  6. Sound File Formats • WAV format – filename.wav • AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) • AIFFC (compressed) • RealAudio – filename.ra • MP3 (mpeg layer 3)

  7. Sound on the Internet • Your first consideration when using sound on the Internet is file size • Uncompressed files can be very large • A 10 second recording of an audio CD can be as large as 2MB

  8. Sound Tips for the Internet

  9. Sound Tips for the Internet

  10. Animation on the Internet • Animation is an excellent way to provide appeal on a web site, choose from the following • Animated text • Animated GIF’s • Marcomedia Director applications • 3-D environments

  11. 2-D Animation • Two types of animation exist • Cel animation – based on changes that occur form one frame to the next • Path animation – moves an object along a predetermined path on the screen

  12. 3-D Animation • 3-D Animation involves three steps • Modeling – creating the broad contours and structure of 3-D objects and scenes • Animation – defining the object’s motion • Rendering – giving objects attributes such as color, surface textures, and amounts of transparency

  13. 3-D Animation Image: scanned from Multimedia Concepts – James Schuman

  14. 3-D Animation Special Effects • Morphing – blending together two images into a series of images • Warping – distorts a single image • Virtual Reality – creates an environment that surrounds the user so that he or she becomes part of the experience

  15. Animation • Animated text – using the HTML <blink> command causes text to flash on and off • Animated gif – using a software program to create a series of gif files such as GIF Builder • Director movie – animation played using Shockwave plug-in • 3-D environments – a computer language used to create 3-D images

  16. Design Considerations • Give the user control over whether or not to display or enlarge graphic images • Allow the user to be active while graphic images are being displayed • Provide feedback to the user by displaying the amount of time a file will take to download

  17. Video • Video, like sound, is recorded and played an as analog signal • Analog video must be digitized in order for it to put into a multimedia file • Digital video has many advantages, but file size is important

  18. Video • Several elements determine file size: • Frame rate • Image size • Color depth • To determine file size use the following formula: • Frames per second X image size X color depth / 8 = file size

  19. Video Compression and Editing • There are two types of video compression • Lossless – preserves the exact image throughout the compression • Lossy – eliminates some of the data in the image (provides greater compression ratios than lossless) • Remember – there is always a trade off, file size versus image quality

  20. Video on the Internet • There are two types of video transfer over the Internet • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – downloads the entire video to the hard drive on the user’s computer • RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) – is a continuous-playing, streaming technology in which the user’s computer is in constant contact with the server playing the video

  21. Video Tips

  22. Video Tips

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