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IS 2101 Spring 2010

IS 2101 Spring 2010. Chapter 4 Using System Software: The OS, Utility Programs and File Management. Chapter Topics. System software Kinds of operating systems OS role in: Providing user interaction Managing the processor Managing memory Managing hardware

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IS 2101 Spring 2010

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  1. IS 2101Spring 2010 Chapter 4 Using System Software: The OS, Utility Programs and File Management

  2. Chapter Topics • System software • Kinds of operating systems • OS role in: • Providing user interaction • Managing the processor • Managing memory • Managing hardware • Interacting with application software • Starting the computer

  3. Chapter Topics (cont.) • Desktop and windows features • OS role in keeping desktop organized • Utility programs

  4. Controls computer functions Hardware Processor Memory Devices Provides means for software to work with the CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface System Software: The OS

  5. Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks Manage system resources Improve efficiency Virus prevention System Software: Utilities

  6. Operating System Categories • Four categories: • Real-Time (RTOS) • Single-User, Single-Task • Single-User, Multitask • Multiuser

  7. Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: • Industrial machines • Robotic equipment • Automobiles • Video game consoles • Home appliances

  8. Single-task systems Perform one task at a time PDAs: Pocket PC Palm OS Windows Mobile MS-DOS Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux Single-User Operating Systems

  9. Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: • Linux • UNIX • Unicos • Windows Server 2008 • Windows Vista • Mac OS X • i5/OS • z/OS

  10. Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems • Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platform • Microsoft Windows/Intel • Apple Macintosh/Motorola • Desktop and notebook operating systems include: • Microsoft Windows • MAC OS • Linux • UNIX

  11. Microsoft Windows • This newest version of Windows, which comes in many versions, provides tighter security and improved graphical capabilities. Windows Vista(2007)

  12. MAC OS • First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface) • Excellent in: • Graphics display • Processing capabilities • System reliability • Document recovery • Fewer software applications available

  13. Linux • Open-source operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded through the Internet

  14. Operating Systems for Servers and Mainframes • Servers • Manage network resources • Mainframes • Handle requests from hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously • Operating Systems: • Windows Server • Unix

  15. UNIX • Multiuser, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes

  16. What the OS Does • Provides user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory and storage • Manages hardware and peripheral devices • Coordinates application software with the CPU

  17. The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the computer • Types of interfaces: • Command-driven interface • Menu-driven interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) Command-driven

  18. Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on • Interrupts • Interrupt handler • Interrupt table • Stack

  19. Memory and Storage Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System

  20. Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full. • Swap file • Paging • Thrashing

  21. Hardware and Peripheral Device Management • Device drivers • Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices • Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug and Play • Hardware and software standard • Facilitates the installation of new hardware

  22. Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs) • Blocks of code contained in the operating system • Coordinates the operating system with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus • Microsoft DirectX

  23. Starting the Computer The Boot Process • Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated. • Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware. • Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM. • Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked.

  24. Handling Errors in the Boot Process • Safe mode • Windows does not boot properly • Try rebooting • Uninstall any new devices or software

  25. The Desktop

  26. Windows Title bar Close button Ribbon Minimize button Maximize/Restore button Scrollbar Document view options

  27. File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents • Hierarchical structure of directories • Drives • Folders • Subfolders • Files

  28. File Management

  29. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Flip 3D

  30. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Details view

  31. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Large Icon view

  32. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Other views available • Tiles view • List view • Small and Medium Icons view

  33. Naming Files • Filename: Name assigned plus filename extension • Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > | : • Character not legal in Mac filenames: : Bioreport.doc or Bioreport.doc

  34. Filename Extensions

  35. Filename Extensions (cont.)

  36. File Path • File path: Location of the file

  37. Working with Files • File management actions: • Open • Copy • Move • Rename • Delete • Recycle Bin

  38. Utility Programs • Small programs that perform special functions: • Manage system resources • Create pleasant environment • Improve efficiency

  39. Display Utilities • Change the appearance of: • Desktop • Windows colors • Font sizes • Includes: • Screen savers • Screen resolution • Clear Type

  40. Add or Remove Programs • Installation wizard • Uninstall wizard: • Programs cannot simply be deleted

  41. File Compression Utilities • Reduce the size of a file • Takes out redundancies • Makes it easier and faster to send files over the Internet

  42. System Maintenance Utilities • Disk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files

  43. System Maintenance Utilities • Disk defragmenter • ScanDisk: • Error-checker • Task Manager

  44. System Restore • Restores system settings to a specific date

  45. System Backup • Backup • Creates a copy of a hard drive to another storage device • Task Scheduler • Runs selected utilities automatically

  46. Accessibility Utilities • Ease of Access Center • Centralized location for assistive technology • Examples: • High contrast • Magnifier • On-screen keyboard • Windows speech recognition

  47. Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What software is included in system software?

  48. Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What are the different kinds of operating systems?

  49. Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What are the most common desktop operating systems?

  50. Chapter 5 Summary Questions • How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer?

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