The Continuing Fight For Equality

1. The Continuing Fight For Equality What gains and losses does the Women’s movement experience?

2. Feminism • 1963: Betty Friedan raises the issue of depression among housewives in her book The Feminine Mystique • “Women of the world unite! The only thing you have to lose is your vacuum cleaners!” • Women realize they do not have equal responsibilities or opportunities in society! Feminist movement beings.

3. Women Organize • 1966: Friedan founds National Organization for Women (NOW) forms • Goals: 1) Childcare to allow women to work 2) end gender discrimination in the workplace (175K members by 1970) • 1968 - NOW protests Miss America pageant in Atlantic City. NOW throws bras, girdles, wigs at contestants & in “Freedom Trashcans” • 1971: journalist Gloria Steinem, forms National Women’s Political Caucus & Ms. Magazine to bring women’s issues to mainstream

4. Taking control of their bodies… • Roe v. Wade (1973) • NOW becomes involved in a woman’s right to an abortion • Burger Court rules 7-2 that a woman has the right to choose an abortion in first trimester of pregnancy, no matter circumstances • Birth control pill approved by FDA in 1960 is also in wide use.

5. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) • 1972: Congress passes the Equal Rights Amendment – constitutional guarantee of gender equality, Nixon signs it • Must now be approved by 3/4ths of states to become law • Phyllis Schlafly starts conservative “Stop-ERA” campaign • By 1982 Amendment fails

6. How successful was the women’s movement in expanding opportunities for women? • Do you think women still encounter discrimination in the workplace or are things generally fair?

7. Gay Rights Movement

8. Early Events in the Gay Rights Movement • 1924 The Society for Human Rights in Chicago becomes the country's earliest known gay rights organization. • 1948 Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, revealing to the public that homosexuality is far more widespread than was commonly believed. • 1951 The Mattachine Society, the first national gay rights organization, is formed. • 1955 The first lesbian-rights organization in the United States, the Daughters of Bilitis, was established in San Francisco in 1955.

9. Stonewall Riots • Stonewall Inn in NY was one of the few bars that allowed openly gay patrons. • NYPD, who routinely raided gay bars to arrest the patrons, raided Stonewall Inn in June of 1969. • Crowd gathered at Stonewall, begin to fight back against police, riot ensues. • Gays and police clash throughout 1970, Gays & Lesbians begin to fight for equal rights.

10. Video Clip Question: • How did Stonewall mark a turning point in the gay rights movement?

11. Gay Pride Parades

12. Milk Fights For Gay Rights • As Gays advocate for equal rights, Conservative America responds w/ anti-gay laws • Singer Anita Bryant got behind a movement to repeal a law that made it illegal to discriminate against homosexuals • In San Francisco, Harvey Milk became the countries first openly gay elected official • In public speeches Milk challenged Bryant and others who were trying to pass new laws, like Prop 6 in California • Milk was killed by a disgruntled SF Supervisor Dan White, who resigned and could not get his job back - “Twinkie Defense”

13. 1980’s AIDS Crisis • 1981, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) hits male gay community hard.

14. The Movement Today • Laws in the 90’s under Clinton administration such as “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” and DOMA were a set back. • May 18, 2004, Massachusetts becomes the first state to legalize gay marriage. In the following six years, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Iowa and Washington D.C. will follow suit. • November 4, 2008, California voters approve Proposition 8, making same-sex marriage in California illegal. • December 18, 2010, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" repealed. • February 23, 2011, President Obama states his administration will no longer defend the DOMA. • 2010, Proposition 8 ruled unconstitutional. • April 28, 2015, Supreme Court hears oral arguments for Gay Marriage.