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Lake Effect Thunder-Snows Over the Eastern Great Lakes. Robert Hamilton NWS Buffalo, NY Scott Steiger, Ph D SUNY Oswego, NY. Less than 1/10 of 1% of snowfall in the continental United States is accompanied by thunder and lightning. Curran and Pearson 1971. 20%. 80%.
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Lake Effect Thunder-Snows Over the Eastern Great Lakes Robert Hamilton NWS Buffalo, NY Scott Steiger, Ph D SUNY Oswego, NY
Less than 1/10 of 1% of snowfall in the continental United States is accompanied by thunder and lightning. Curran and Pearson 1971
20% 80% Lake Effect Storms Over the Eastern Great Lakes Surprisingly Efficient in Producing Lightning
NLDN Make Up of Data Set… Use of Spotter Reports from Dense Snow Spotter Network
10 Years 130 Events
+ + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ice particles -40 C -20 C Supercooled droplets start To Nucleate around -10c -10 C Graupel Forms Through Riming 0 C Droplets form by Condensation in Updraft
Parameters Affecting Lake Effect Thundersnow • Height of -10C .53 X • Lake Surface Temp .48 X • Height of Lake Induced EL .45 X • Lake Induced CAPE .28 X • Fetch (Lk Erie) .46 X • Shear…Band Type .93 X Correlation Coefficient (r) t test significance
Height of -10C Birch Dove Parameters Affecting Lake Effect Thundersnow …Moderate Correlation …84% Difference Between Ltg and Non-Ltg Events …Supported by Previous Studies by Schultz, Moore and Michimoto
On Average…Lake Induced EL 37% higher for TSSN events Height of the Lake Induced Equilibrium Level
Long Fetch Across the Axis of the Lake
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Finally….is the presence of lightning aided by close proximity charge concentrations between clouds?
Houston Environmental Aerosol Thunderstorm (HEAT) Project….2005 Update (Richard Orville, et al)
Project EAGLLES “Eastern Great Lakes Lake Effect Snow” Headed up by Hobart and William Smith College and the University of Illinois
Likely Not Expected Chance Lightning Non-Lightning (Ft)