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Hurricane Thermodynamics

Hurricane Thermodynamics. Alex MacIntosh Cam Mateus Steve Lazar. Costliest Hurricanes. Katrina – 2005 – $81 Billion Andrew – 1992 – $26.5 Billion Wilma – 2005 – $20.6 Billion Charley – 2004 – $15 Billion Difficult to study: immense power

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Hurricane Thermodynamics

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  1. Hurricane Thermodynamics Alex MacIntosh Cam Mateus Steve Lazar

  2. Costliest Hurricanes • Katrina – 2005 – $81 Billion • Andrew – 1992 – $26.5 Billion • Wilma – 2005 – $20.6 Billion • Charley – 2004 – $15 Billion • Difficult to study: immense power • About 48 of 80 tropical cyclones qualify in terms of intensity http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Deadliest_Costliest.shtml

  3. Physical Structure • Storms form in the tropics • Three main parts • The eye • Eyewall • Rainbands • Axisymmetric Vortex • Hydrostatic and Rotational Balance http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/tc_structure.htm

  4. Carnot Engines • Thermodynamic disequilibrium • Four Sequences • Isothermal Expansion • Adiabatic Expansion • Isothermal Compression • Adiabatic Compression http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_thermodynamics

  5. Equations • Efficiency of Carnot Engine • Carnot’s Theorem to predict maximum wind speed

  6. Climate Change • Greenhouse gases and effects on hurricanes • Carnot’s Theorem: Temperature difference and intensity of hurricane • Adiabatic expansion increased • Greater wind velocity

  7. How Temperature Variation Effects Wind Velocity When T1 = 25C, the Vmax is ~ 5.85 m/s When T1 = 30C, the Vmax is ~ 8.34 m/s This is a stunning 50% increase in the wind velocity!

  8. How? • Apply a cryogenic coolant • Nitrogen gas • Carbon Dioxide • Air • Water • Transport and deliver coolant using • Plane • Ship • Barge Remotely Controlled?

  9. Thermal Updrafts Strongest Thermal Updraft At the down tilt right region of Hurricane Apply Coolant There From Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/historymakers/Smagorinsky/hurricane_emily650.html

  10. What? From www.fema.gov • Coolant does: • Decreases updraft temperature • Increase wind shear w/ large solid coolant pieces • Higher the wind shear---weaker the storm

  11. Clausius-Clapeyron

  12. Citations • Emanuel, K.A., The Theory of Hurricanes. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 23 (1991) 179-196 • Tropical Cyclone Structure. [cited November 27, 2008]; Available from: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/tc_structure.htm • Kondepudi, Dilip. Introduction to Modern Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. • Emanuel, K.A., Tropical Cyclones. Annu. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci., 31 (2003) 75-104. • Atmospheric thermodynamics. [cited November 26, 2008]; Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_thermodynamics. • Mooney, C. The Truth About the 2007 Atlantic Hurricane Season. 2007 [cited October 26, 2008]; Available from: http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/blogs/hurricanes-storms/7889. • O’Keefe, D.R., Hurricane Abatement Method and System, U.P.T. Office, Editor. 2007: USA

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