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Meteorology Icing & Turbulence

Meteorology Icing & Turbulence. Reference. From the Ground Up Chapter 6.10 & 6.11: Icing & Turbulence Pages 154 - 159. Introduction. Icing is the accumulation of ice on an aircraft during flight or on the ground. Turbulence is the abrupt vertical movement of air.

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Meteorology Icing & Turbulence

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  1. MeteorologyIcing & Turbulence

  2. Reference From the Ground Up Chapter 6.10 & 6.11: Icing & Turbulence Pages 154 - 159

  3. Introduction • Icing is the accumulation of ice on an aircraft during flight or on the ground. Turbulence is the abrupt vertical movement of air. • Icing and turbulence can create serious conditions for aircraft during flight.

  4. Outline • Icing • Turbulence

  5. Icing • Clear Ice • Glass-like coating of ice • Formed by large supercooled water droplets that freeze slowly and spread

  6. Icing • Rime Ice • Opaque, milky white ice • Formed by instant freezing of small supercooled water droplets

  7. Icing • Frost • White, feathery crystalline ice • Usually formed on the ground by sublimation on clear nights

  8. Icing • Frozen Dew • Clear, crystalline ice • Dew formed in the morning freezes

  9. Icing Protection • Fluids • Alcohol-based fluid released from leading edge of wings and propellers • Makes it difficult for ice to form

  10. Icing Protection • Rubber Boots • Rubber membrane on leading edge that pulsates • Breaks off formed ice

  11. Icing Protection • Heating Devices • Heats ice-prone areas to melt or prevent ice

  12. Turbulence

  13. Turbulence Classes • Light • Momentary, slight change in altitude and/or attitude • Occupants may feel slight strain against seat belts • Moderate • Slightly more intense • Occupants feel strain on seatbelt • unsecured objects move around • Severe • Large and abrupt changes in altitude, attitude and/or airspeed • Airplane may go out of control momentarily • Occupants forced violently against seatbelts • Extreme • Airplane tossed around violently and impossible to control • Structural damage may occur

  14. Turbulence Types • Mechanical Turbulence • Friction between air and rough ground (hills, trees, buildings etc) • Thermal Turbulence • Ground heating creates upward currents of warm air • Frontal Turbulence • Warm air is forced over cold front, turbulence at boundary • Wind Shear • Sudden change in wind speed or direction between layers of air • Usually associated with strong inversions or fast-moving cold fronts • Clear Air Turbulence • Unexpected, violent turbulence at high altitudes in clear air

  15. Next Lesson 4.9 – Meteorology Weather Reports & Forecasts From the Ground Up Chapter 6.14.3 & 6.14.4: Aviation Weather Reports & Forecasts Pages 163 - 172

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