NSF Funding of LT resources

1. NSF Funding of LT resources Tanya Korelsky, Program Director Robust Intelligence Cluster Division of Information and Intelligent Systems Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering National Science Foundation tkorelsk@nsf.gov http://www.nsf.gov/

2. How NSF is organized Office of the Director Biological Sciences Geosciences Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering Mathematical and Physical Sciences Education and Human Resources Social, Behavioral And Economic Sciences Engineering

3. How CISE is organized Office of the Director Office of the Assistant Director for CISE CCF Computing and Communications Foundations CNS Computer and Network Systems IIS Information and Intelligent Systems OCI Office of Cyberinfra- structure (formerly SCI, now with NSF-wide mission, reporting to Director of NSF) Clusters Clusters Clusters Crosscutting Emphasis Areas

5. CISE Proposal/Award Statistics *ADJUSTED

6. CISE Budget: 2003-2007 $527M 525 Requested 6.1% increase includes 20M for cybersecurity, 10M for GENI Dollars in Millions 500 $496M 475 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Request Fiscal Year

7. The Human Language and Communication Program (HLC) Initiated by Dr. Mary Harper • This HLC program emphasizes innovative advances in computer and information sciences relating to all forms of human communication. • High-level human communication topics: • Text Processing • Speech Processing • Multimodal Communication Processing • HLC is attempting to strengthen current research while broadening future research directions of the language processing research community (e.g., multimodal communication).

8. HLC/ITR LT recent resource, annotation and evaluation metrics awards • ITR ’03: Collaborative effort on Interlingual Annotation • HLC ’04: Constructing an Enhanced Version of WordNet, $100K (12 months) • HLC ’05: • Rapid Development of Frame Semantic lexicon, to ICSI, UC Berkeley, $400K (36 months) • SGER: Learning Syntax-based Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation, Dr. Rebecca Hwa, University of Pittsburgh, $200K (24 months) • A Framework for Learning High Accuracy Evaluation Metrics for NLP Applications, Dr. Alon Lavie, CMU, $150K (24 months)

9. CISE CRI (Computing Research Infrastructure) Program • Funds community resources for IIS programs; reviewers are supplied by the technical program directors • ’04 LT resource planning award: to Vassar College: An Open Linguistic Infrastructure for American English, $50K (12 month) • ’05 LT resource/annotation awards: • Towards a Comprehensive Linguistic Annotation of Language (Brandeis, UColorado, Pitt, Penn, NYU), $850K, 24 months; goals include achieving an international consensus on a meta-specification framework • Another planning award ($100K) to Vassar College and Princeton University: An Open Linguistic infrastructure for American English; goals include annotation of semantic categories using WordNet and FrameNet

10. Information and Intelligent Systems Reorganization into Clusters • Robust Intelligence Artificial Intelligence, Human Language and Communication, Robotics, Computer Vision, Computational Neuroscience • Human-centered Computing Human Computer Interaction, Social Informatics, Universal Access • Information Integration and Informatics Data, Information, and Knowledge Management; Information Integration; Science and Engineering Informatics; Digital Libraries; Digital Government

11. Information and Intelligent Systems New Cluster-oriented Solicitation • Scheduled to be published in May with submission deadline late October – early November • One of cross-cutting threads: Human-Robot Interaction • Implications for HLC area - renewed attention to • dialogue (human-human, machine-human); • ASR of imperfect and affected speech; • Speech-to-concept understanding; concept-to-speech generation • Need corpora to support these research areas!

12. One Small Current Effort • SGER (Small Grant for Exploratory Research) • Creation of a Goal-Oriented, Human-Machine Spoken Corpus • ICSI (UC Berkeley), Dr. Dillek Hakkani-Tur • Building a spoken mixed-initiative dialogue system for for conference services • Deploying the system for the IEEE SLT Workshop (December 2006) • Collecting and annotating the dialogue corpus

13. Digital Tools Summit at Michigan State University (June 2006) • Funded jointly by the Linguistics Program and (former) HLC program • Addresses a functionality gap between the tools that documentary linguists and typologists need and the ability of existing tools to annotate partially-understood linguistic data • Existing methods and tools presuppose a regularized digital corpus of a well-understood language and require a high degree of computational sophistication • Aims to develop a roadmap for creating regional and national language archives and the tools to achieve it • Brings together theoretical computational linguists and “data-driven” linguists to brainstorm the challenging issues

14. NSF perspective on funding LT resources • New corpora for dialogue research • New corpora for ASR research: • mixed language (English-Spanish) • affected speech (911 calls); senior speech • New general corpora (ANC), both text and speech • Dependency treebanks and parsers • Harmonization of existing semantic resources (WordNet and FrameNet) • Basic research on semantic annotation: ambivalent attitude to standardization

15. NSF perspective on funding LT resources (international resources) • Parallel corpora for new MT research on statistical methods applied to syntactic and semantic representations • Research on MT for minority languages (pending award to CMU for Inupiaq and Aymara) • Corpora for research on language identification • International collaboration on speech processing (NYU-EBIRE- CNRS) and on unified linguistic annotation • International workshop on dependency representations (2007 ACL in Prague)

16. Thank you Tanya Korelsky Robust Intelligence Human Language and Communication Division of Information and Intelligent Systems Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering National Science Foundation tkorelsk@nsf.gov http://www.nsf.gov/

17. Communications Games Photography Inventory/Sales tracking Banking and Commerce Entertainment Systems Health/Medical Home Computer Surveillance and Security (at home, work, or in public) Home Appliances PDA Car Telephone Building Automation Digital Living 2010 People across the globe will have access to each other and information provided by pervasive devices, embedded sensors and systems because all will be connected to the Internet. Thanks to David Kotz at Dartmouth

18. Global Environment for Networking Innovations (GENI) Limitations of the Internet • Security mechanisms not included in the IP layer • End-to-end robustness cannot be assumed or assured • Scaling limitations • Quality of service mechanisms have not diffused widely in the public Internet • Support for new technologies difficult (e.g., wireless, mobility, sensors)

19. Global Environment for Networking Innovations • New networking and distributed system architectures • Build in security and robustness • Enabling pervasive computing, bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds by including mobile, wireless and sensor networks • Enable control and management of other critical infrastructures • Include ease of operation and usability • New classes of societal-level services and applications

20. Global Environment for Networking Innovations Research Program • Supports research, design, and development of new networking and distributed systems • Builds on many years of knowledge and experience, but reexamine all networking assumptions and reinvent where needed • Design for intended capabilities; deploy and validate architectures; build new services and applications • Encourage users to participate in experimentation • Take a system-wide approach to the synthesis of new architectures

21. Global Environment for Networking Innovations Facility • Shared use through slicing and virtualization (where "slice" denotes the subset of resources bound to a particular experiment) • Access to physical facilities through programmable platforms (e.g., via customized protocol stacks) • Large-scale user participation by "user opt-in" and IP tunnels • Protection and collaboration among researchers by controlled isolation and connection among slices • A broad range of investigations using new classes of platforms and networks, a variety of access circuits and technologies, and global control and management software • Interconnection of independent facilities via federated design.

22. Global Environment for Networking Innovations Outreach • CISE has supported numerous community workshops in support of GENI • CISE is supporting on-going planning efforts, including needs assessment and requirements for the GENI Facility. • CISE will hold town meetings and continue to support future workshops to broaden community participation. • CISE will work with industry, other US agencies, and international groups to broaden participation in GENI beyond NSF and the US government.