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Calorimeter for absolute luminosity at upgraded DA F NE

Learn about the design and construction of LumiCalo for Bhabha event identification with time and energy resolution and self-triggering capabilities, maximizing rate coverage and minimizing costs.

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Calorimeter for absolute luminosity at upgraded DA F NE

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  1. Calorimeter for absolute luminosity at upgradedDAFNE P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  2. LumiCalo requirements: • It should be able to clearly identify Bhabha events. • It should provide time and energy information. • It should be a self triggering device. • It should be cheap. P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  3. LumiCalo design: resolution Back in Jan. 2007 we were discussing the kind of energy resolution that we would have desired, in order to separate Bhabha events with a cut on energy, e.g. at half energy of a Bhabha: 250 MeV. We established then a target resolution of about s(E)/E ~ 15%/E P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  4. First design • Considerations that have driven the very first design of our calorimeters: • ring shaped around the interaction region • well defined acceptance, especially in q and at lower angles • extend to minimum radius [quadrupole] and maximum q [Siddharta] • good f coverage to maximize rate [for fast feedback] • four half-rings, two on each side of the IP for simple back-to-back trigger logic • s(E)/E ~ 20% at 510 MeV From G. Mazzitelli log-book P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  5. LumiCalo design: segmentation • Excluded the all-crystals solution, both for practical and budget reasons; • Given the limitations on the total depth due to the presence of Siddharta and of the quadrupoles, we have optimized the sampling fraction of our calorimeter • In the end, we used lead in place of tungsten mainly for budget reasons P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  6. Final design • Longitudinal segmentation has been optimized keeping in mind that the total available depth is the length of the quadrupole 20 cm • 11 absorber plates + 12 samplings: • 8×0.5 cm + 3×1 cm lead  12.5 X0 should ensure sufficient shower containment • 12×1 cm scintillator • 2:1 active:passive ratio should ensure 15%/E(GeV) resolution • Lateral segmentation dictated by the need of keeping a reasonable number of channels and to have some degree of freedom in defining the acceptance We decided to instrument only 10 out of 12 sectors, keeping out the f=0º-180º plane, since we were expecting larger backgrounds from there P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  7. LumiCalo design: WLS fibers Finalized design of tiles: Feb. 2007. We have chosen Protvino scintillator: IHEP SC-307, 30 ph.el./MeV nominal light yield • First design for wavelength-shifting fiber readout, sigma-shaped, changed to three longitudinal fibers with the advantage of: • Simpler production of tiles with linear grooves • Same or better light collection: shorter fibers, better collection by middle fiber • Divide light from one tile on three fibers: less sensitivity to broken fibers P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  8. Tiles and WLS fibers Groove designed for optimal matching with 1.0 mm fibers 2 mm depth, 1.1 mm diameter Each tile wrapped with Dupont TyvekTM sheet to improve light collection P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  9. CaloLumi construction The mechanical structure and all the details have been realized by the Frascati workshop many thanks to: Luciano Iannotti, Vittorio Romano and G. Sensolini. P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  10. CaloLumi installation Cables and all connections for front-end electronics have been realized by Oscar Coiro and Claudio Mencarelli P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  11. CaloLumi installed P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  12. CaloLumi DAQ The DAQ is based on the KLOE system. The analog signal is split, we acquire charge and time and we also use the signal from the pmts to assert the trigger. P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  13. Linearity Module 0 btf calibration results. The trigger asserted used the rf signal from the linac. Energy resolution was in agreement with MC estimates. ADC MeV Electron beam Energy P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  14. Trigger in Dafne e+ adc2 adc3 adc1 adc4 adc0 adc12 adc11 adc13 adc9 adc5 adc10 adc14 IP adc8 adc6 adc7 e- adc18 adc16 adc19 adc15 adc17 trg(i) = (discriminated) OR of the 5 sectors in the i-th module trg(i) threshold P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  15. Trigger trg(0) trg(3) IP trg(2) trg(0) AND trg(1) trg(1) OR T1 trg(2) AND trg(3) P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  16. trg2 AND trg3 trg0 AND trg1 No “wrong” doubles trg1 AND trg2 AND trg3 trg0 AND trg1 AND trg2 P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  17. Background We can have energy deposits over threshold in another module, in addition to the couple of triggering modules: this gives us the “triples” We expect a similar level of events with no Bhabha, but with two “spurious” deposits, giving a fake coincidence P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  18. Background Bhabha peak Si=0,…,4 (ADCi – <PED>i) Indeed not all the triggering events look like Bhabha events… background P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  19. Background topology imax(1) = sector with most energy imax(2) = 2nd most energetic sector Diagonals=back-to-back sectors + neighbor 100+100 bunches 1+1 bunches P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  20. Time • Let’s give a look at the time information: • Time of single sectors is available • We can also use the time of analog sum of the five sectors in each of the 4 modules adc15 … adc19 t(1) threshold adc(21) Passive splitter tdc15 … tdc19 P. Branchini, 30 May 2008 SDS threshold

  21. Trigger time n=3 n=2 n=1 Since we have a multi-hit TDC, we can have more than 1 hit for the 4 modules + 2 coincidences t(0)…t(3) t(4)=time of 0 AND 1 t(5)=time of 2 AND 3 Choose the largest time [the one closest to the COMMON STOP] P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  22. Bad e+ injections Good e+ injection Bad e+ injections P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  23. Energy deposit Feb. 2007 first Monte Carlo, 1 e-, 510 MeV Sum of 1 calo module, after pedestal subtraction Triggering module P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  24. Energy resolution Measured resolution with Bhabha events: 17.5% at 510 MeV, which translates to 12.4%/E(GeV) P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

  25. Conclusions • The main design specifications seem to be met in a very satisfactory way… • The construction and installation of the detector modules was quick and very effective, thanks to the contribution of many technicians of the Div. Acc. and Div. Ric. • Luminosity delivered online, on the basis of our Monte Carlo acceptance, with good accuracy. P. Branchini, 30 May 2008

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