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Chapter 22 Africa Today

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Chapter 22 Africa Today

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    1. Chapter 22 Africa Today

    2. I. Living in Africa A. Agriculture Most Africans earn a living in this field 1. Colonial Legacy Europe used a resource base Forced them to grow cash crops Countries still depend on them Ghana: cacao Burundi: coffee

    3. A. Agriculture cont. 2. Farming Methods Very few work in commercial farming Provide the bulk of cash crops Most practice subsistence farming Shifting farming by nomadic tribes Move every 1-3 years Some practice sedentary farming Overgrazing, soil exhaustion, and lack of technology hurt Lack of fertilizers, pesticides, and farm machinery hurt production

    4. B. Forests and Seas Forests cover 25% of the land Exotic woods: teak, ebony, walnut, and rosewood Need transportation and money to develop the industry Clearing too much forests for farmland Commercial farming Growing slowly as nations build small fleets Tuna, sardines, anchovies, and mackerel

    5. C. Mining South Africa has almost of the worlds gold reserves Lots of diamonds, platinum, and other minerals Made one of the richest nations in Africa Corporations control it Little money flows to the people Black income: $3,614 White income: $21,707 Resources arent spread evenly in the region Guinea: bauxite D.R. of Congo: diamonds and copper Nigeria: Oil, member of OPEC

    6. D. Industrialization Europe didnt allow Africa to develop Continue as a supply base for the world 1. Manufacturing Only 15% of the regions GDP Best in S. Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, and Zambia 2. Obstacles Lack of capital, unstable govt., lack of skilled workers, lack of transportation, and lack of power Rely on trade from the U.S., Japan, China, and Europe Formed the Economic Community of West African States

    7. E. Transportation and Communication Really lacking on the continent Few paved roads outside of cities Hard to find communications 1. Railroad Travel Europe built many train systems Kenya Natl. RR connects Nairobi and Mombasa Built by the British

    8. E. Transportation and Communication cont. 2. Improving Transportation Wars and lack of funds deteriorates existing systems Few harbors and navigable rivers Air travel overcomes barriers Oil pipelines were built Uhuru Railroad connects D.R. Congo to Tanzania 1,153 miles

    9. E. Transportation and Communication cont. 3. Mass Communications Scarcity of newspapers and low literacy Phone service is limited Radio is the most effective TV has grown slowly Govts. using it as an educational tool

    10. II. People and Their Environment A. The Shadow of Famine Booming population, lack of capital, cash crops, and drought hurts 1. Desertification The Sahara has grown 93 miles in 100 years Overgrazing and farming accelerate it 40% of the population is undernourished 2. Civil War Somalia, warlords stole handout food U.S. sent troops to protect the food in 1992 Left in 1995 after the worst famine was over Rwanda Civil War witnessed 500,000 dead and 2 million flee to Uganda and other Hutus and Tutsis were hacked to death with machetes

    11. B. Battling Hunger Two tasks Restore the environment Maintain peace Example of Ethiopia and Eritrea Fought for 30 years Eritrea left in 1990s Govt. began planting trees and terraced lands Crop yields have done well Do not need as much relief help

    12. C. Saving the Forests Losing 3.2 million acres per year Lumbering and slash and burn farming Driving some animals to extinction Hurting the global climate

    13. D. Conflicts Over Land Use Nomads and farmers are being pushed into the forests and savanna grasslands Wiping out animals Black rhinos almost extinct Elephants, zebras, and gorillas endangered too Destroying habitats Poaching for ivory Serengeti Natl. Park in Tanzania Kenyas Masai Mara Ecotourism has boomed Brought in $420 million to Kenya in 1994

    14. E. Toward the Future Need to win economic independence Need to rely on themselves more Debt relief from the global powers Fight to end poverty and starvation

    15. F. Current Events Civil War in Sudan Fighting for 43 of the last 52 years Since 1983, 1.9 million killed and 4 million refugees Between southern Africans and northern Muslims Acts of genocide Major conflicts in the Darfur region

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