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Dinoflagellates

Dinoflagellates. Ceratium tripos. Key Features. Provide the foundation of many marine food chains “Bloom” during the summer, producing “red tides.” This causes a great deal of suffering in marine environments.

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Dinoflagellates

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  1. Dinoflagellates

  2. Ceratium tripos

  3. Key Features • Provide the foundation of many marine food chains • “Bloom” during the summer, producing “red tides.” This causes a great deal of suffering in marine environments. • Most are single-celled and have two internal cellulose plates as well as two beating flagella, which they use to spin.

  4. Pfiesteria • Carnivorous • Stuns fish with toxin before feeding off of body fluids • Very harmful to marine environments

  5. Pfiesteria

  6. Life Cycle • Usually reproduce by binary fission. • Haploid • Some can reproduce sexually. Two merge to form a zygote, which can become motile, or form a dinocyst, which undergoes meiosis to form haploid cells • If conditions are unfavorable, can enter into vegetative “planozygote” stage until conditions improve

  7. Binary Fission Dinocyst Planozygote

  8. Zooxanthellae • Live in mutual relationships with marine organisms, such as coral • Zooxanthellae provide carbon byproducts of photosynthesis, which coral uses for energy • Coral provides shelter, protection, nutrients in the form of waste, and carbon dioxide for Zooxanthellae

  9. Zooxanthellae

  10. Noctiluca • Largest dinoflagellate • Can reach diameter of 2 mm • Bioluminescent • Can cause red tides

  11. Noctiluca

  12. Some believe the first plague in the book of Exodus to be caused by red tide

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