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Visually-Pleasing Stereoscopic Imagery for Design Visualization. Jason Walter Software Developer – Autodesk Consulting. Course Agenda. Why?. Better tools & technology exist.
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Visually-Pleasing Stereoscopic Imagery for Design Visualization Jason Walter Software Developer – Autodesk Consulting
Better tools & technology exist “Stereoscopic Cinema failed in the 50’s because artists did not have the proper tools to produce content.” – Lenny Lipton (CTO Real-D) “Stereoscopic films take 15% more money to make. They require re-thinking the film pipeline.” – Jim Mainard (DreamWorks Technologist) “Making stereoscopic content is hard! There is little talent in the industry and we are expected to produce content for the technology.” – Phil McNally (Stereographer).
Money to be made “We have seen a trend where people are willing to spend more money to watch 3d content than 2d content” – Bob Igner (CEO Disney) “By 2010 there will be 3000 theatres equipped to project stereo content. Today only 700 exist.” – Lenny Lipton (CTO Real-D)
Industry is motivated “[S3D] is the most exciting thing that has happened in the business since I have been in the business.” - Jeffery Katzenberg. “I'm just going to do everything in [stereoscopic] 3D now. I'm going to shoot my daughter's birthday party in 3D.” – James Cameron
Technology Overview • Display a unique perspective for each eye. • Visual processing center reconstructs in 3D. • It is just a perceptual trick.
Technology Overview Image from Jim Gasperini http://www.well.com/user/jimg/stereo/stereo_list.html
Challenges • Human visual system is very sensitive bad stereo • Traditional photographic tricks do not work • Compositing and editing must take in account depth • Not a strong understanding of stereo by artists
Depth Processing Stereopsis– depth perception using two point of views Interposition – object A is on top of object B Light and Shade – the shading of an object can provide depth cues Texture – differences in texture orientation Parallax – relative motion of different objects Perspective – vanishing points Size– relative size of objects
Perception of Depth with Stereoscopy (Put your glasses on now)
Anaglyph • Cheap • Easy to find • Loss of color fidelity • Very little eye fatigue • Good for large audiences • Requires no additional hardware • Suffers ghosting
Glasses • Active • No ghosting • Eye fatigue • Expensive • Darker Picture • Good for small audiences • Passive • Ghosting • No eye fatigue • Cheap • Full Color • Better for large audiences
Checkerboard Format • Samsung DLP 3D Display
Horizontal Interlace • Hyundia 3D LCD
Full Resolution Displays • Tru3D Display (Passive) • 120 HZ CRT Displays (Active) • 120 HZ LCD Displays (Active) • REALD Z-Screen (Passive) • Projectors (Passive / Active)
Projectors / Cave • Christie / REALD Z-Screen • Dolby 3D • IMAX
Camera Model – Low level Confidential
Camera Model – Digital Parameters Confidential
Mapping Digital Parameters to Computer Friendly Version Confidential
Example of shifting & importance Film center is not necessarily aligned with optical axis. The frustum can be skewed. Confidential
Principles of stereoscopic cameras • It is two cameras, not one camera • Each camera is offset by a fixed distance – interaxial distance • There is a point of focus – zero parallax Confidential
Stereoscopic camera models • Toe-in – rotate the cameras inward • Off-axis – shifting the frustum • Parallel – focus at infinity Confidential
Off-axis computation from base camera model Confidential
Parallel Rigs • No control over convergence • As if viewing through a window • No need to worry about divergence • Easy stereo
Off-axis (Put your glasses on)
Converged (Put your glasses on)
Parallel (Put your glasses on)
Comparison (Put your glasses on)
Beyond Maya’s Model • Maya’s stereoscopic camera is the base model • Provides the core parameters and calculations • Does not prevent perceptual issues • API to augment camera model • Abstraction between visualization hardware and camera Confidential
Maya Stereo API Properties • All cameras have a root transform – stereo rig root • Camera shape is directly below the root • Data driven approach • Attribute control how to find the data • stereoRigType • centerCamera • leftCamera • rightCamera Confidential
Stereo API Creation • New rigs are created via a callback script • Callback script can be MEL / Python • The callback must specify the ‘stereoRigType’ • Returns the [root, left, right] cameras Confidential
Simple Stereo Rig global proc string[] stereoCameraSimpleRig() { string $basename = "stereoCameraSimple"; // Create the root of the rig // string $root[] = `camera -name $basename`; string $left[] = `camera -name ($basename+"Left")`; setAttr ($left[0]+".tx") -6.32; parent $left[0] $root[0]; select -r $root[0]; return {$root[0], $left[1], $root[1]}; } stereoRigManager -add "simpleRig" "MEL" "stereoCameraSimpleRig"; Confidential
Two Degree Rule • No two pixels should be separated by more than 2 degrees • Maximum tolerance for human visual system (put on your glasses)
Two Degree Rule < 2 Degrees
Floating Window • Solves interposition issues for objects in front of ZP plane. • Artificially introduces a 3d window.