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Correction of Errors one approach. Sequence of Topics. Double Entry including accruals/prepayments to simple P&L and Balance Sheet Incomplete Records Control Accounts – Subsidiary Books Depreciation and Disposal Clubs, Service, Farm Manufacturing Correction of Errors Bank Reconciliations.
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Sequence of Topics • Double Entry including accruals/prepayments to simple P&L and Balance Sheet • Incomplete Records • Control Accounts – Subsidiary Books • Depreciation and Disposal • Clubs, Service, Farm • Manufacturing • Correction of Errors • Bank Reconciliations
Sequence of Topics • Departmental • CVP • Cash Flow • Product Costing • Ratio Analysis • Budgeting • Published • Tabulars
4 Questions Thus with every transaction you come across you need to decide: • What are the two accounts involved? • Which type of account is each one? • Does the transaction cause an increase or decrease in each account? • Therefore is it a Dr or Cr? Finally make the entry in the relevant accounts (Handout)
Subsidiary Books • Source documents • List • Reduce entries in accounts in nominal ledger
Trial Balance • Arithmetical check on double entry before preparation of Final Accounts and Balance Sheet • Obvious there are errors • Hidden errors • Material amounts • Minor discrepancies
Suspense • Trial Balance doesn’t work – make it work temporarily by putting in Suspense A/C • Prepare final accounts including errors while somebody searches for errors • Correct the errors through double entry NOT by crossing out (illegal!)
Types of Errors • Read and Explain Pairs • Read a little -- Talk a little
Approaching the Question • What Happened • What should have happened • Correction = JOURNAL ENTRY
Journal Entries • Transfer Suspense Items • Highlight Profit & Loss items • Highlight Balance Sheet items
Suspense Account • As per Journal Entries • Transfer balance to what buried in – follow double entry rules
Adjusting the Profit Profits Profits
Adjusting the Profit Profit as per draft accounts Add Less Corrected Net Profit
Watch for • Nature of business • Unseen items • Switching figures • English!