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Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management (MRPM)

This IEEE 802.21 tutorial discusses the MRPM principle and use cases for optimizing power management in multi-radio devices. It covers power management problems, basic MIH capabilities, and power saving modes in different technologies.

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Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management (MRPM)

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  1. IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management (MRPM) Date Submitted: March 3 2009 Presented at IEEE 802 plenary in Vancouver Authors or Sources: Dennis Edwards, Behcet Sarikaya, James Han, Junghoon Jee, Anthony Chan Abstract: 802.21 MRPM Tutorial 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  2. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  3. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  4. Multi-Radio Activities in IEEE 802.21 • Optimized Handover between different technologies • IEEE 802.21, Published in Jan-2009 • Security Signaling during Handovers • IEEE 802.21a, PAR Approved in Dec-2008 • Handovers to Broadcast Technologies • IEEE 802.21b, PAR Approved in Jan-2009 • Battery Power Conservation in Multi-Radio devices • MRPM (IEEE 802.21c) 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  5. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  6. Broad category of power saving modes(varies in specific network technology) Service Actively running a network application Standby Always ready to communicate Sleep Wake at scheduled times to check whether to communicate Off Power Power Power wake Sleep interval Battery life Battery life Battery life sleep 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  7. Power management in individual technology Multi-radio device is becoming more popular. Each technology has own power management features, which may include paging and wake, location update, sleep mode protocol, and other power saving operations. Multi-radio managers used in devices are proprietary. Each radio power is currently managed independently from other radios and networks 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Other Nets 802.11 Multi-radio device 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  8. Power Management in 802.11/16:optimized within its own technology 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  9. Power Management in 3GPP/3GPP2: optimized within its own technology 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  10. Battery life depends on many things Different modes of operation in different technologies - Fast call set up + – PTT (interactive) Active - Play back-start 802.16 Sleep? 802.11 Sleep? - Record-start + – Power consumption Response time CDMA Sleep? 802.11 Idle? + – - Webpage-start - Streaming-start + – - Background-start Off Battery life also depends on data rate, discharge rate, temperature, charge count, etc. Power consumption and response time are the emphases here. 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  11. Power saving modes in 802.11and their response times In sleep mode (extended PS mode), may adjust sleep interval, but no Group Transient Key update. In power-saving (PS) mode, response time is several beacon intervals: fraction of a second. Automatic PS delivery (APSD) mode: Use algorithm to adjust PS time to finer granularity or when there are packets to transmit In active mode, response time depends on traffic and QoS class. Location and BSS change: during wake at the designated DTIM >10s 10s Sleep interval 1s PS mode DTIM interval 100ms Beacon interval APSD time granularity CSMA/CA (Active mode) 10ms Response Time 1ms 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  12. Power saving modes in 802.16mand their response times Idle mode (not registered): periodically listens to paging broadcast over a large area, performs location update, Sleep mode (registered): variable sleep interval (2-1024 frames, frame duration =2-20 ms), with variable connections: Type I: for NRT-VR, BE Type II: for RT-VR, UGS Type III: management operations, periodic ranging (for HO) Location determination >10s Deep sleep 10s Sleep interval Multicast channel reselection 1s Idle to active (802.16e) 100ms Handover delay Idle to active (802.16m) 10ms Response Time 1ms 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  13. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Rapid Power Consumption by Multiple Radios Power Consumption during Non-Active Application Service Negative Performance Impact Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  14. 1. Rapid Power Consumption by Multiple Radios 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Power Power 802.11 802.11 + – + – + – + – Battery life Drains battery fast if power consumption is optimized only within each individual technology Different technologies have different modes of operation each with different power consumption Battery life 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  15. 2. Power consumption duringNon-Active Application Service Power required for scanning is about 60% of the power required for receiving data rate of 1Mb/s Source: D21-C.3: Multi-Access Evaluation and Assessment, Ambient Networks Phase 2, Dec. 2007 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  16. 3. Negative Performance Impact Power management can extend battery lifetime, however, it can negatively impact performance Typing “ls” on HP iPAQ 3870 handheld with Cisco 350 card Source: Self-tuning wireless network power management, MobiCom’03 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  17. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  18. 802.21 media independent handover (MIH) services Layer 3 and Above Layers SIP MIH Function Information Service Event Service MIP HMIP MIH_SAP Command Service LLC_SAP LLC_SAP Network 1 (e.g., 802.16) Network 2 (e.g., 3GPP) Information Service MIH_LINK_SAP MIH_LINK_SAP Event Service Command Service Handover 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  19. 802.21 MIH at devices and at networksenables collaboration between them Higher Layer Higher ayer MIHF MIHF IP IP Logical Connection between peer nodes MIH_NET_SAP MIH_NET_SAP MAC MAC PHY PHY 802.11u 802.16g 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  20. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  21. Multi-Radio Power Management (1) Purpose: Enhance the user experience by extending the battery operating life of multi-radio mobile devices. Scope: Define mechanisms to reduce power consumption of multi-radio mobile devices on heterogeneous IEEE 802.21 compliant networks. Not in Scope: Enhancements to the MAC/PHY of individual access technologies for making them more power efficient are outside the scope of this project. 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  22. Multi-Radio Power Management (2) Enables to put inaccessible or unused radios into lower power states (Off or Deep-sleep) Enables to activate the deactivated radios when required Within coverage area, application requirement, network capacity Enables to select best radio and its corresponding power state for an application service Enables to minimize the time in accessing the network when activating a radio Acquiring configuration parameters to access the network in advance 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  23. Multi-Radio Power Management (3) Single radio Multiple radios Multiple radios with MRPM Power Power Power negligible Battery life negligible Battery life Battery life 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  24. Multi-Radio Power Management (4) QoS Operator Policy Network Selection Policy Control Multi Interface Control Resource Management operates in a power efficient way! MIH MIH (Neighboring Network MAP) MRPM - Device power characteristics - Each I/F status (power state) • MRPM • Location • Network Accessibility Power States Power States Control Radio (WiFi, WiMAX, 3GPP) WiFi WiMAX 3GPP Network Node Mobile Node 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  25. Contents Overview Existing power management in individual radio technology Power Management Problems Basic MIH capabilities MRPM Principle MRPM Use cases Minimizing Power Consumption Network Selection Lowest power configuration Use of deep sleep state 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  26. Use case 1: Minimizing Power Consumption Paging Controller Paging Area B Location update to WiMAX paging controller. Cell 4 AP 4 Paging Area A still WiFi is turned-off. WiFi is turned-off AP 5 Cell 3 Cell 5 AP 3 Cell 2 AP 1 Cell 1 AP 2 Cell 6 App. is terminated AP 6 Cell 7 Active AP 7 Paging Area C 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  27. Use Case 2: Network Selection Paging Controller Incoming Traffic WiFi is selected MRPM User Request to activate WiFi CT Paging Area B Which interface? Cell 4 AP 4 Paging Area A AP 5 Cell 5 Cell 3 AP 3 Cell 2 Cell 1 AP 1 AP 2 Cell 6 Cell 7 AP 6 WiFi is activated. AP 7 Paging Area C 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  28. Turning off radio Wi-Fi 21-09-0030-02-mrpm • David has a multi-radio mobile terminal with WiFi and Cellular interfaces. • He is working at his office where the WiFi network is available. • He starts an application session through the WiFi interface. • The application session is terminated. • As the terminal moves out of the WiFi coverage area, the WiFi interface is turned off to save the power consumption.

  29. Power Management based on User Preference David is on trip and he has a GSM roaming phone with WiFi. He prefers VoIP call over WiFi to calling over GSM due to the high roaming fee. WiFi interface is usually deactivated for its power conservation while GSM interface maintains its connectivity to the network. GSM • Kim makes a VoIP call to David. • MIH PoS on the network checks whether David can access the WiFi network at his current location. • If WiFi is accessible, MIH PoS on network requests to wake up WiFi interface via GSM interface. • The WiFi interface is activated and conversation begins. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi GSM 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  30. Network Selection based on up Network Resource Wi-Fi GSM 21-09-0030-02-mrpm • Here comes a multimedia call toward David. • The multimedia call requires higher bandwidth that cannot be provided by the current cellular network resource. • David’s WiFi accessibility is checked. • If David is within the WiFi coverage area, the multimedia call is processed through the WiFi interface.

  31. Power Management based on Application Features MIH User (Stock Ticker) MIH Function (MRPM) 3GPP 802.16 802.11 21-09-0030-02-mrpm • David has a smart phone. (802.11/802/16/3GPP). • He usually prefers to use a stock ticker program whenever his phone is attached to 802.11 network. • Stock Ticker requires a low data rate (≈ 10pkt/sec). • The delay of 802.11 PSM can be tolerated by the stock ticker application. • So, the stock ticker application can present stock information during PSM.

  32. Lowest power configuration? There are tradeoffs between power-saving and operational capabilities. The operations involved include: Handover Response to paging Location update, etc. The capability to perform each operation while optimizing power saving depends on Application requirements 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  33. Lowest power configuration? Need to meet application response time requirements >10s Background-start Mean Web think time Streaming-start 10s Webpage-start Record-start (interactive) Play back-start (interactive) 1s PTT (interactive) Sleep  on Delay (conversational) Fast call set up 100ms Hold  on Lip synchronization (IEEE C802.20-03/13r1) 10ms Jitter in voice and video 1ms 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  34. Lowest power configuration?MRPM may involve network to Network (MIH) can be informed of the response time requirements of the applications Knowing the response times of the different modes for different interfaces is useful to figure out the multiple interface power saving strategy to trade-off between response time and power saving and to determine the appropriate sleep interval. Network can be informed of the actual multiple-interface power saving states of the MN to determine how to reach the MN (whether to wake, and wake which interface) 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  35. Use of deep sleep state with MRPM Normal sleep (for an “on” radio) Shorter response time to paging Power Short sleep interval Battery Life Deep sleep (for an “off-available” radio) Long response time is sufficient for location update Power Battery Life Long sleep interval 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  36. Use of deep sleep (no service) Single radio Power Power wake sleep Each radio controlled independently Sleep interval Battery life sleep Battery life Power Deep sleep Potential MRPM solution Deep sleep or off sleep Battery life 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  37. Use of deep sleep state with MRPMBattery life for multiple interfaces 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  38. PAR/5C is at: https://mentor.ieee.org/802.21/file/08/21-09-0021-00-mrpm-revised-par-and-5c.doc Feedback: anthonychan@huawei.com; jhjee@etri.re.kr; STDS-802-21@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  39. Thank you 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

  40. Backup • Difference with 802.21 baseline Information Service • Baseline 802.21 is mainly for optimizing handover, so we focused on the information delivery toward MN when there’s an active radio. • Static heterogeneous coverage information is maintained in the Information Server • Delivers the heterogeneous coverage information usually when MN requests using the current active radio • MN’s request contains the current location of MN • Information Server can identify the MN’s location when MN sends a query to Information Server • MRPM enables to track heterogeneous network coverage information with lowest multi-radio power states • Keep minimal idle state interface(s) for location tracking • Put unused or inaccessible radio interfaces into lower power states • Activate the deactivated radio interfaces only when required 21-09-0030-02-mrpm

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