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PLACENTA

PLACENTA. This resource is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial & No Derivative Works License. Objectives. Students should be able to: Draw and label the placenta of the pig at early, middle and late term. Identify the placentomes of the cow and the sheep.

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PLACENTA

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  1. PLACENTA This resource is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial & No Derivative Works License

  2. Objectives Students should be able to: Draw and label the placenta of the pig at early, middle and late term. Identify the placentomes of the cow and the sheep. Recognise the haemophagous regions of the placenta of the cat or the dog. Identify the endometrial cups of the mare placenta. Distinguish the simple folded placenta of the pig, from the microcotyledonary placentae of the mare, the cotyledonary placenta of the ruminant and the labyrinthine placentae of the dog and cat.

  3. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta This slide has three sections of pig placenta. 2.5 mm

  4. This slide has three sections of pig placenta. • Early stage : 22 days gestation. • Mid stage : 50 days gestation. • Late stage : Near term. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta This slide has three sections of pig placenta. Duration of pregnancy approx 115 days 2.5 mm

  5. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta How is the pig placenta classified?

  6. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta How is the pig placenta classified? EPITHELIOCHORIAL. NON DECIDUATE or INDECIDUATE. DIFFUSE, FOLDED with VILLI. Explain the term in relation to what you see.

  7. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta How is the pig placenta classified? EPITHELIOCHORIAL. NON DECIDUATE or INDECIDUATE. DIFFUSE, FOLDED with VILLI. Explain the term in relation to what you see. There is contact between the maternal epithelium and fetal chorion; but these membranes are not fused. Most of the CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) contributes. Six layers can be identified between maternal and fetal circulation. Maternal endothelium lining blood vessels. Maternal stroma. Maternal epithelium. Fetal chorion. Fetal stroma. Fetal endothelium lining blood vessels.

  8. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: Maternal tissue i). Endometrium. ii). Myometrium. Fetal tissue Chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Placental folds 0.5 mm

  9. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage fetal tissue F F Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: Maternal tissue i). Endometrium. ii). Myometrium. Fetal tissue Chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Placental folds : F endometrium myometrium 0.5 mm

  10. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 200 µm

  11. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage 7 5 6 6 4 2 Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 3 1 2 2 200 µm

  12. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage At higher magnification again identify : 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal (endometrial) blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 100 µm

  13. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage 7 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 At higher magnification again identify : 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal (endometrial) blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 2 4 4 1 2 The space seen between the uterine epithelium and the chorion is an artefact produced during processing. 3 100 µm

  14. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage At high magnification 50 µm

  15. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 1 : early stage allantoic cavity S : space artefact V : villus allantois fetal blood vessel S chorion At high magnification V uterine epithelium maternal blood vessel maternal crypt Note that red blood cells in the fetal tissue at this very early stage are nucleated. 50 µm

  16. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: Maternal tissue i). Endometrium. ii). Myometrium. Fetal tissue Chorio-allantoic membrane CAM. Placental folds 1.0 mm

  17. allantois chorion SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage F F Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: Maternal tissue i). Endometrium. ii). Myometrium. Fetal tissue Chorio-allantoic membrane CAM. Placental folds : F fetal tissue endometrium myometrium 1.0 mm

  18. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 250 µm

  19. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage 7 5 Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Endometrial glands. 4. Uterine epithelium. 5. Chorion. 6. Fetal blood vessels. 7. Allantois. 2 6 1 4 2 6 3 3 250 µm

  20. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage At higher magnification again identify : 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Uterine epithelium. 4. Chorion. 5. Fetal blood vessels. 6. Fetal stroma. 100 µm

  21. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage 2 1 6 At higher magnification again identify : 1. Endometrium. 2. Maternal blood vessels. 3. Uterine epithelium. 4. Chorion. 5. Fetal blood vessels. 6. Fetal stroma. 3 4 5 100 µm

  22. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage At high magnification. 50 µm

  23. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 2 : mid stage chorion space artefact fetal blood vessels At high magnification. maternal blood vessels villus uterine epithelium maternal crypt 50 µm

  24. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage In this section of the near term placenta. Note how the development in size of the fetus has stretched the uterine wall, making this the thinnest of the three sections. The proportion of fetal tissue (CAM) has increased with much enlarged folds in the placental barrier. 0.5 mm

  25. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage endometrium fetal tissue folds allantoic cavity In this section of the near term placenta. Note how the development in size of the fetus has stretched the uterine wall, making this the thinnest of the three sections. The proportion of fetal tissue (CAM) has increased with much enlarged folds in the placental barrier. myometrium 0.5 mm

  26. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Myometrium. 2. Endometrium. 3. Maternal blood vessels. 4. Endometrial glands. 5. Uterine epithelium. 6. Chorion. 7. Fetal blood vessels. 8. Allantois. 250 µm

  27. 8 SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage 7 7 6 5 Observe the layers and their relationships. Identify: 1. Myometrium. 2. Endometrium. 3. Maternal blood vessels. 4. Endometrial glands. 5. Uterine epithelium. 6. Chorion. 7. Fetal blood vessels. 8. Allantois. 3 2 4 4 1 250 µm

  28. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage At higher magnification again identify: 1. Maternal blood vessels (capillaries). 2. Uterine epithelium. 3. Chorion. 4. Fetal blood vessels. 5. Allantois. 100 µm

  29. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage 5 4 At higher magnification again identify: 1. Maternal blood vessels (capillaries). 2. Uterine epithelium. 3. Chorion. 4. Fetal blood vessels. 5. Allantois. 3 2 1 1 100 µm

  30. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage At high magnification : 50 µm

  31. allantois SLIDE 185 Pig placenta 3 : late stage chorion fetal blood vessels villus At high magnification : maternal capillaries maternal crypt uterine epithelium 50 µm

  32. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta areolar region What is the function of the areolar region? 0.5 mm 250 µm

  33. What is the function of the areolar region? Areolae develop after about 4 weeks gestation. Uterine glands produce uterine milk. This contains iron rich uteroferrin for the fetus. Chorionic villi extend into these areola regions. SLIDE 185 Pig placenta areolar region chorion areolar folds What is the function of the areolar region? 0.5 mm uterine milk uterine epithelium endometrial glands myometrium 250 µm

  34. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Whole section of mare placenta at low magnification. Identify : Maternal i). Endometrium ii). Myometrium Microcotyledons Fetal Chorio-allantoic membrane 1.0 mm

  35. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta chorio-allantoic membrane (fetus) allantoic cavity microcotyledons Whole section of mare placenta at low magnification. Identify : Maternal i). Endometrium ii). Myometrium Microcotyledons Fetal Chorio-allantoic membrane E myometrium E : endometrium 1.0 mm

  36. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta How is the mare placenta classified?

  37. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta How is the mare placenta classified? EPITHELIOCHORIAL. NON DECIDUATE or INDECIDUATE. DIFFUSE, VILLOUS with MICROPLACENTOMES (MICROCOTYLEDONS). ENDOMETRIAL CUPS formed by CHORIONIC CELLS. Layers present: Six layers can be identified between the maternal and the fetal circulation.

  38. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta How is the mare placenta classified? EPITHELIOCHORIAL. NON DECIDUATE or INDECIDUATE. DIFFUSE, VILLOUS with MICROPLACENTOMES (MICROCOTYLEDONS). ENDOMETRIAL CUPS formed by CHORIONIC CELLS. Layers present: Six layers can be identified between the maternal and the fetal circulation. Maternal endothelium lining blood vessels. Maternal stroma. Maternal (uterine) epithelium. Fetal chorion. Fetal stroma. Fetal endothelium lining blood vessels. Duration of pregnancy approx 335 days

  39. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Identify a microcotyledon. 1.0 mm

  40. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta microcotyledons fetal tissue allantois E : endometrium with uterine glands Identify a microcotyledon. E myometrium 1.0 mm

  41. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Follow the connective tissue from both maternal and fetal sides into the cotyledon. 250 µm

  42. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta allantois fetal blood vessels fetal connective tissue E : endometrium chorion areolar space primary villus Follow the connective tissue from both maternal and fetal sides into the cotyledon. secondary villi uterine glands E 250 µm

  43. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Compare the complexity of the folding of the horse placenta with that of the pig. Histologically, what type of placenta is it? 100 µm

  44. Compare the complexity of the folding of the horse placenta with that of the pig. Histologically, what type of placenta is it? Epitheliochorial, non deciduate, diffuse, villous with microcotyledons (microplacentomes). SLIDE 186 Mare placenta U : uterine gland fetal villi Compare the complexity of the folding of the horse placenta with that of the pig. Histologically, what type of placenta is it? maternal crypts U 100 µm

  45. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Identify cell layers. Is there any way to determine which are maternal and which are fetal cells? 50 µm

  46. Identify cell layers. Is there any way to determine which are maternal and which are fetal cells? The chorionic villi are surrounded by the maternal crypts. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta maternal blood vessels M : maternal connective tissue fetal connective tissue M fetal blood vessel Identify cell layers. Is there any way to determine which are maternal and which are fetal cells? chorion maternal, uterine epithelium 50 µm

  47. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta Area at high magnification. 25 µm

  48. SLIDE 186 Mare placenta maternal blood vessel fetal (allantoic) blood vessel chorion Area at high magnification. crypt surrounding villus maternal epithelium chorion 25 µm

  49. DEMONSTRATION SLIDE Mare Endometrial cup What is an endometrial cup? 2.5 mm

  50. What is an endometrial cup? Found only in the mare endometrial cups develop. Formed by trophoblast cells from the annulate chorionic girdle invading the endometrial stroma. Development starts at about day 35, reaches a maximum at around day 50 and degenerates after day 80. DEMONSTRATION SLIDE Mare Endometrial cup endometrial cup What is an endometrial cup? uterine wall 2.5 mm

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