1 / 13

Chapter 2

Chapter 2. PRONOUNS. Learning Objectives. 1. To identify and use the correct forms of pronouns. 2. To identify antecedents of pronouns. 3. To ensure agreement between pronouns and their antecedents. Personal Pronouns. A pronoun is a substitute for a noun.

ghada
Download Presentation

Chapter 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 PRONOUNS

  2. Learning Objectives 1 To identify and use the correct forms of pronouns 2 To identify antecedents of pronouns 3 To ensure agreement between pronouns and their antecedents

  3. Personal Pronouns • A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. • Personal pronouns are the most frequently used class of pronouns. Refer to CHECKPOINT 1.

  4. Number & Gender • Personal pronouns may be singular or plural in number. • Personal pronouns have four genders: • Masculine gender (he) • Feminine gender (she) • Neuter gender (it) • Common gender (they) Refer to CHECKPOINT 2.

  5. Three Pronoun Cases • Subjective or nominative case • Subject of the sentence • Predicate pronoun • Objective case • Direct object • Indirect object • Object of the preposition • Possessive case • To show ownership of a noun • To show ownership without a noun Refer to CHECKPOINT 3.

  6. Agreement Between Pronouns and Their Antecedents • Antecedents are the nouns to which pronouns refer. • Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in person, number, and gender. • When there is more than one possible antecedent for a pronoun, avoid confusion by repeating the noun. Refer to CHECKPOINT 4.

  7. Special Concerns About Agreement Between Pronouns and Their Antecedents • Antecedents joined by and • Antecedents joined by or or nor • Antecedents that are collective nouns • Antecedents that are both masculine and feminine • Antecedents followed by parenthetical expressions Refer to CHECKPOINT 5.

  8. Compound Personal Pronouns Formed by Adding –self to singular pronouns and –selves to plural INTENSIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Used to emphasize the nouns or pronouns that they follow Used to indicate the performer and receiver of the action are the same

  9. Compound Personal Pronouns INTENSIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS • To distinguish between the two, • omit the pronoun. • If the sentence still makes sense, the pronoun is intensive. • If the sentence no longer makes sense, the pronoun is reflexive. Refer to CHECKPOINT 6. Refer to APPLICATIONS 2-1 through 2-3.

  10. Indefinite Pronouns • Indefinite pronouns do not refer to specific persons or things. • Examples: one, someone, anyone, everyone, none (no one), somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, something, anything, everything, and nothing • Personal pronouns that refer to indefinite pronouns are usually singular. • Depending on context, indefinite pronouns may be feminine, masculine, or neuter. Refer to CHECKPOINT 7.

  11. Pronouns Derived from Other Parts of Speech • Examples of adjectives that may be used as pronouns are in italics: this examination, many voters, and two PDAs • When such adjectives do not modify nouns, they become pronouns: • This is the best steak I’ve ever eaten. • Many were absent from class today. • Two were damaged when she dropped the box. Refer to CHECKPOINT 8. Refer to APPLICATIONS 2-4 AND 2-5.

  12. Relative & Interrogative Pronouns • Relative pronouns join relative clauses to nouns or pronouns. • Who and that are used to refer to people. • That and which are used torefer to places, objects, and animals. • That and who may be used to refer to organizations, firms, or associations. • Interrogative pronouns—who, whom, whose, which, and what—are used to phrase questions Refer to CHECKPOINTS 9 through 10. Refer to APPLICATION 2-6.

  13. Common Pronoun Errors Avoid using the apostrophe in possessive forms of pronouns. Refer toCHECKPOINTS 11-12. Avoid using the subjective case for objects of prepositions. Refer toCHECKPOINT 13. Avoid using the objective case for predicate pronouns. Refer toCHECKPOINT 14. Refer to APPLICATIONS 2-7 and 2-8. Refer to CHAPTER 2 REVIEW. Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.

More Related